Electrochemical potentiodynamic

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a specific type of voltammetry, that is, an electrochemical potentiodynamic measurement that allows study of redox properties of compounds and interfacial structures. 

Electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) is another polarization method that evaluates the degree of sensitization of stainless steels such as S30400 and S30403 steels. This method uses a potentiodynamic sweep over a range of potentials from passive to active (called reactivation). 

Lopez, N., Cid, M., Puiggali, M. et al. (1997) Application of double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test to austenitic and duplex stainless steels. Mater. Sci. Eng, A229(l), 123—128. 

The research on corrosion, started in this institute in the 1950s, continued successfully further. The intergranular corrosion of steels was measured by an electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation method [310-312]. Since the 1960s, the passivity of brass was further studied, the rates of corrosion were measured by polarization resistance, the effect of deformation on anodic dissolution of steels was followed, and the surface roughness of metals was measured other subjects of research were, e.g., the behavior of passive films on steel, the effect of compositirai and motion of electrolyte on corrosion of passivated aluminum, the cathodic protection of passive metals against corrosion, the anodes for cathodic protection of steels, etc.[313-316]. Measurements of polarization resistance in the system iron—concentrated sulfuric acid or boiling nitric acid, of corrosion and matter... 

Electrochemical Potentiodynamic polarization resistance for general corrosion of metals G59... 

The potentiodynamic polarization electrochemical technique can be used to study and interpret corrosion phenomena. It may also furnish useful information on film breakdown or repair. 

Evidence of localized corrosion can be obtained from polarization methods such as potentiodynamic polarization, EIS, and electrochemical noise measurements, which are particularly well suited to providing data on localized corrosion. When evidence of localized attack is obtained, the engineer needs to perform a careful analysis of the conditions that may lead to such attack. Correlation with process conditions can provide additional data about the susceptibility of the equipment to locaHzed attack and can potentially help prevent failures due to pitting or crevice corrosion. Since pitting may have a delayed initiation phase, careful consideration of the cause of the localized attack is critical. Laboratory testing and involvement of an... 

Gegelova, N, B., Mudzhiri, Y. N., Knyazheva, V. M. and Topchiashvili, L. I., Determination of Intercrystalline Corrosion Tendency of Stainless Steel by Potentiodynamic Method , Zashch. Metal., 8, 420 (1972) C.A., 77, 121422n van der Horst, J. M. A., Grain Boundary Attack of 316L Stainless Steel in Ammonia-rich Environments , J. Electrochem. Soc., 119, 216C (1972)... 

Fig. 8.5 Potentiodynamic polarisation curves and the expected domains of electrochemical...

A detailed and well-referenced account of electrochemical methods of testing has been written by Dean, France and Ketcham in a section of the book by Ailor. ASTM G5 1987 outlines standard methods for making potentiostatic and potentiodynamic anodic polarisation measurements and ASTM G3 1974 (R1981) gives conventions applicable to electrochemical measurements in corrosion testing. 

Yeh LSR, Hudson PG, Damjanovic A (1982) Anodic formation of thin CdS films. I. Kinetics and mechanisms under galvanostatic and potentiodynamic conditions. J Appl Electrochem 12 153-162... 

The UPD and anodic oxidation of Pb monolayers on tellurium was investigated also in acidic aqueous solutions of Pb(II) cations and various concentrations of halides (iodide, bromide, and chloride) [103]. The Te substrate was a 0.5 xm film electrodeposited in a previous step on polycrystalline Au from an acidic Te02 solution. Particular information on the time-frequency-potential variance of the electrochemical process was obtained by potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PDEIS), as it was difficult to apply stationary techniques for accurate characterization, due to a tendency to chemical interaction between the Pb adatoms and the substrate on a time scale of minutes. The impedance... 

Ragoisha GA, Bondarenko AS, Osipovich NP, Streltsov EA (2004) Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Lead underpotential deposition on tellurium. 1... 

The electrochemical behavior of single-crystal (100) lead telluride, PbTe, has been studied in acetate buffer pH 4.9 or HCIO4 (pH 1.1) and KOH (pH 12.9) solutions by potentiodynamic techniques with an RRDE setup and compared to the properties of pure Pb and Te [203]. Preferential oxidation, reduction, growth, and dissolution processes were investigated. The composition of surface products was examined by XPS analysis. It was concluded that the use of electrochemical processes on PbTe for forming well-passivating or insulating surface layers is rather limited. 

Ringas and Robinson performed electrochemical tests on stainless steels and mild steels in three cultures of SRB. In all cases pitting resistance was lower in cultures of SRB. Potentiodynamic polarization... 

Environmental tests have been combined with conventional electrochemical measurements by Smallen et al. [131] and by Novotny and Staud [132], The first electrochemical tests on CoCr thin-film alloys were published by Wang et al. [133]. Kobayashi et al. [134] reported electrochemical data coupled with surface analysis of anodically oxidized amorphous CoX alloys, with X = Ta, Nb, Ti or Zr. Brusic et al. [125] presented potentiodynamic polarization curves obtained on electroless CoP and sputtered Co, CoNi, CoTi, and CoCr in distilled water. The results indicate that the thin-film alloys behave similarly to the bulk materials [133], The protective film is less than 5 nm thick [127] and rich in a passivating metal oxide, such as chromium oxide [133, 134], Such an oxide forms preferentially if the Cr content in the alloy is, depending on the author, above 10% [130], 14% [131], 16% [127], or 17% [133], It is thought to stabilize the non-passivating cobalt oxides [123], Once covered by stable oxide, the alloy surface shows much higher corrosion potential and lower corrosion rate than Co, i.e. it shows more noble behavior [125]. 

The potential-independent CPT can be determined by two different electrochemical methods a potentiostatic test method using a sufficiently high potential, and a potentiodynamic test method. The potential-independent CPTs are well-defined, experimental results having a reproducibility of approximately l°Cby potentiodynamic testing and approximately 2°C by potentiostatic testing. 

The Cd/CdS electrode was also prepared in solutions containing cadmium sulfate and sodium thiosulfate using the potentiodynamic method [183]. The electrochemical behavior of such electrodes in electrolytes containing sulfide ions was studied. 

The advances made since 1970 start with the fact that the solid/solution interface can now be studied at an atomic level. Single-crystal surfaces turn out to manifest radically different properties, depending on the orientation exposed to the solution. Potentiodynamic techniques that were raw and quasi-empirical in 1970 are now sophisticated experimental methods. The theory of interfacial electron transfer has attracted the attention of physicists, who have taken the beginnings of quantum electrochemistry due to Gurney in 1932 and brought that early initiative to a 1990 level. Much else has happened, but one thing must be said here. Since 1972, the use of semiconductors as electrodes has come into much closer focus, and this has enormously extended the realm of systems that can be treated in electrochemical terms. 

Thus, from the kinetic aspects, the cathodic partial reaction is an electrochemical reaction [Eq. (8.14)], which is preceded by a chemical reaction [Eq. (8.13)]. Paunovic (31) studied the first step in the cathodic partial reaction of electroless copper deposition by chronopotentiometry and potential sweep (potentiodynamic)... 

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