Electrical power usage

The electric power usage is the primary expense incurred when using a motor driver. Table 4-10 documents these findings and the net incremental cash flow using one- and two-stage power recovery expanders is shown in Figure 4-108. 

The vendor stated in 1999 that treatment costs for a six-phase system typically range from 25 and 75/yd of soil treated, including electrical power usage (D19509Z, p. 10). 

The UCBSRP process is claimed to have significantly lower capital and operating costs than the combination of an ethanolamine absorber/stripper unit plus a Claus plant plus a SCOT tail gas unit. Most of the energy consumed by the process is connected with the recovery and fractionation of propane and heavier hydrocarbons. Approximately 92% of the electrical power usage and 89% of the cooling requirements are associated with hydrocarbon recovery and separation (Sciamanna et al., 1988). The heat generated by the sulfur furnace more than offsets the heat demand required by the desulfurization of the natural gas stream. 

Many activities are presented but the benefits of cadi are not the same. For example, there is no viable alternative to air travel, but there are alternatives to producing electricity with nuclear power plants. A better comparison would be between alternative methods for producing the same quantity. This was not done because the authors of WASH-1400 wanted to relate the risk of national nuclear power usage to risks with which the public is more familiar. 

See also Consei vation of Energy Consumption, Culture and Energy Usage Economically Efficient Energy Edison, Thomas Alva Elctricity Electricity, History of Electric Power, Generation of Power. 

Submersible turbine pumps are a variety of vertical turbine pumps with the motor attached below the pumping unit. Water passes in through an intake port located between the motor and bowl assembly, then upward through the bowl stages to the surface through the pump pipe. Electric power is supplied to the motor by specially insulated wires. Submersible turbine pumps are manufactured for water supply and oil well usage by a wide variety of manufactures in sizes ranging from /3 to several hundred horsepower, and are constructed of materials suited for many chemicals. 

Electric demand shedding to change electric power use in plant toward a more uniform rate of usage, which reduces its cost. 

Auxiliary facilities provide services that are necessary for the operation of the process. Examples of these facilities are steam, electrical power, air, cooling water, refrigeration, and waste treatment. To account for this cost requires determining whether the facility will be dedicated or shared. If flie facility is dedicated solely for the use of a single process, then its cost is assigned to the process. On the other hand, if other processes share the facility, then its cost is divided according to usage. 

In the U.S. a major usage of fuels is for electric power generation Q). Fuel oil is used to generate about 15% of the nation s electricity ( 1). However, it is possible with present technology along with new developments in coal combustion to reduce reliance on petroleum-based fuels by replacing them with coal. This would make more oil available to other areas such as the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. 

Based on the fraction these activities constitute of the total power usage, estimate which percentage of total electricity use it would be possible to base on renewable energy sources such as wind or photovoltaic power, used solely to charge either batteries or fuel cells (two separate estimates). 

This process alone, in addition to the advantages summarized above, shows the following benefits of the physical refining that will also be obtained. The various costs such as installation (22%), capital investment (20%), steam usage (28%), cooling water (7%), process makeup water (85%), wastewater treatment (63%) electrical power (62%), and refining loss (60%) are lower compared with that of the chemical refining process. 

---