Electric lamps application

Unalloyed tungsten has several major applications. An important use is in the electric lamp filaments for light bulbs. Also, it is used as electrodes in arcwelding, in heating elements for high-temperature furnaces, in electron and television tubes, in glass-to- metal seals, and in solar energy devices. 

CFRPs are strong and light fiber-reinforced polymers. Carbon fibers are a new breed of high-strength materials. Carbon fiber contains at least 90% carbon prepared by controlled pyrolysis of rayon fibers [34]. The subsistence of carbon fiber came into use in 1879 when Edison took a patent for the fabrication of carbon filaments used in electric lamps [35]. The composites manufactured using carbon fiber reinforcements exhibit a range of mechanical properties suitable for many constructional, industrial, and automobile applications. 

The existence of carbon liber (CFs) came into being in 1879 when Thomas Edison recorded the use of carbon fiber as a filament element in electric lamp. Fibers were first prepared from rayon fibers by the US Union Carbide Corporation and the US Air Force Materials Laboratory in 1959 [41 ]. In 1960, it was realized that carbon fiber is very usefirl as reinforcement material in many applications. Since then a great deal of improvement has been made in the process and product through research work carried out in USA, Japan and UK. In 1960s, High strength Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber was first produced in Japan and UK and pitch based carbon fiber in Japan and USA. 

Major Applications Display device, optical sensors, thin-film device, incandescent electric lamps,9 photoreceptors,io lithographic process, inks, pencil leads, paints,adhesives, plastic materials, molding materials, steel plates, detection of albumin, treatment of amyloidosis disorders, treatment of apolipoprotein E-related diseases ... 

Infra-red Drying. Drying by exposure to infra-red radiation from specially designed electric lamps or gas burners. The process has found some application in the vitreous-enamel industry and in the pottery industry. 

It is often the case that an old idea bears reexamination. In 1889, T. V. Hughes and C. R. Chambers patented a process for pyrolyzing marsh gas in iron crucibles to produce electric lamp filaments, one of many ideas whose time had not yet come. Today, General Motors Research (GMR) physicists are using hydrocarbon vapors to catalytically grow carbon fibers. The strong, stiff, discontinuous carbon fibers produced by this method have potential usefulness in many composite applications. 

Carbon fibers were used about 100 years ago by Edison for his electric lamps. In 1964, the carbonized polyacrylonitrile (Orion) fibers were first produced with a tensile strength of about 2,000 MN/m and a high modulus of over 400,000 MN/m. Thus, carbon fiber-reinforced resins are very stiff and have found wide application in artificial limbs, golf clubs, tennis rackets, skis, and many aircraft parts. However, the composites are not especially strong in tension. 

Eutectic compositions are further modified by additions of other network modifiers and boron oxide. For high-temperature lamp applications, such as the tungsten-halogen lamp ampoule in automobile headlamps, the thermal expansion is matched to that of molybdenum, the electric lead wire metal. 

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