Tungsten halogen lamps

Lamp types (a) incandescent and tungsten-halogen lamp shapes (b) fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamp shapes (c) typical high-pressure sodium lamp (d) typical metal halide lamp. 

Deposition by rapid thermal heating with tungsten halogen lamp banks at 600-900°C.[ ][ l... 

Hot- and cold-mirror CVD coatings are used in projectors to maintain the film gate at low temperature and avoid damaging the film. They are also used increasingly in tungsten-halogen lamps. 

DIBF has the absorbance spectrum shown in Figure 4. Coating mixtures containing this photoinitiator can be cured with an intense tungsten halogen lamp, such as a projector bulb. When DIBF is irradiated it forms an excited state which has a very low absorbance, i.e., it photobleaches (1). This allows light to penetrate deeply into the coating. 

The first commercial unit was produced by Dickey-John. It contained a tungsten-halogen lamp, six interference filters, and uncooled lead sulfide (PbS) detectors, using a 0 45° geometry. That is, the light struck the sample straight on and the fight was collected at 45° to the normal. 

Instead of glowbars, as used in MIR, tungsten halogen lamps are the sources of light. The detectors are solid-state semiconductors such as lead sulfide (PbS) or indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs). These are orders of magnitude quieter than typical MIR detectors and often more sensitive. 

The tungsten-halogen lamp operates in a very specific mode, dependent on the detailed chemistry of the atmosphere within the lamp enclosure. The lamp envelope is normally a thin quartz bulb, filled with an inert... 

Fig. 4.3 Transmission spectra of CdSe films deposited from a selenosulphate/NTA bath in the dark and under illumination (tungsten halogen lamp) at two different temperatures (6°C and 55°C). 

The set-up consists of a photometer, a tunnel of 1.5 m diameter with an exhaust fan and a stand to mount the flare. First of all, the photometer is calibrated using a standard quartz tungsten halogen lamp of 1000 watts kept at a distance of 1 foot (0.305 m) from the detector. The flare mounted on a stand is positioned in the... 

Irradiation of oxadisilirane 82c in an acetonitrile-methylene chloride solvent mixture in the presence of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) as photosensitizer with a tungsten-halogen lamp under an oxygen flow resulted in the formation of 83c in 69% yield. In the absence of the sensitizer, no reaction occurred and 82c was recovered quantitatively. A similar result was also obtained in the reaction of 82c with 302 in the presence of 10 mol% of tris(p-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate [ /j-BrCr,H/ (N+SbClfU (BPHA) as the single ET reagent, which gave 83c in 58% yield (Table 17)97. 

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