Metal seals

The ceramic-to-metal seals for dense ceramic syngas membranes that have been suggested or demonstrated fall into one of three categories  

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Union Connectors. CoUar and cone-type connectors (Figs. 26a and b) are nearly always used to connect smaU bore tubes at pressures up to about 400 MPa (140). The included angle of the end of the tube is 55—57° and that of the seat 60—61° so that when the gland nut is tightened into the connector a metal-to-metal seal is formed along a narrow band of contact between the end of the tube and the connector. Union connectors for smaU bore tubes at pressures of 500 MPa and above usuaUy employ lens rings. 

H, glass-to-metal seal (with center pin) I, anode tab J, cathode K, separator L, anode. Courtesy of MoH Energy Ltd. 

There are many appHcations in which glass is used as an electrical insulator. One example is glass-to-metal seals. Moreover, other glasses are useful as a result of ionic or electronic conductivity. 

The liquid film seal uses metallic sealing rings and is liquid buffered to maintain a fluid film in the clearance area and thereby preclude gas leakage. It is not unusual in the screw compressor to find the radial bearing and seal combined. 

The tool Joint holds drill pipe together, and the shoulders (similar to drill collars) form a metal-to-metal seal to avoid leakage. The tool Joint threads are designed to be made up with drilling fluid containing solids. Clearance must be provided at the crest and root of threads in order to accommodate these solids. Therefore, the shoulder is the only seal. To keep the shoulders together, proper makeup torque is required. 

There are also many non-API joints, like Hydril CTS, Hydril Super FJ-P, Armco SEAL-LOCK, Mannesmann metal-to-metal seal casing and others. 

Leak resistance is obtained on makeup by interference of metal-io-meial seal between a long radius curved seal surface on the pin member engaging a conical metal seal surface of the box member (Figures 4-372 and 4-376). 

Commercial Seat Tightness of Safety Relief Valves with Metal-to-Metal Seals, API-Std-527, American Petroleum Institute, New York. 

Norwegian standard NORSOK M-710 Rev. 2, Qualification of non-metallic sealing materials and manufacturers, October 2001. 

Housekeeper, W. G., 1923, J. Amer. Inst, elect. Engrs, 42,954. Partridge, J. H., 1949, Glass-to-Metal Seals-, Sheffield, Society of Glass Technology. 

Partridge, J. H., 1949, Glass-To-Metal Seals Sheffield, Society of Class Technology. 

However, the Tesla discharge may blast a hole in the tubing, and is not useful for glass-to-metal seals, because it goes straight to the... 

Cassar, M., G. V. Robins, R. A. Fletton, and A. Alstin (1983), Organic components in historical non-metallic seals investigated using C-13-NMR spectroscopy, Nature 303, 238-239. 

Robins, D., A. Alstin, and D. Fletton (1987), The examination of organic components in historical non-metallic seals with C-13 Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in Grimstad, K. (ed.), 8th Triennial Mtg., Int. Council of Museums Committee for Conservation, Sidney, pp. 82-87. 

Fig. 5.16 Soldering and welding can generate a heat front to the glass to metal seal of the reed switch causing potential damage.

This is the most common test method employed to qualify the leak characteristics of a new seal material. The test method involves applying the seal between two ceramic discs or between a ceramic and a metal disc, pressurizing the cavity formed by the seal and monitoring the pressure decay as a function of time.22 Alternatively, a metal tube and a ceramic disc can also be used [34], Typically, the cavity is pressurized to about 2 psi and the leak rate is determined by the pressure decay as a function of time. These tests can be done at room temperature or elevated temperatures. Similar test arrangement has also been used to test a plastically deformable brazed metal seal between fuel cell anode material and Haynes 214 washer [35], The cavity is pressurized to measure the rupture strength of the seal material. 

S. Reckers et al., Leakage investigations of compressive metallic seals in SOFC stack, in Proceedings of the Fifth European Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Forum, J. Huijsmans (ed.), 1-5 July 2002, Lucerne, Switzerland, 2002, pp. 847-854. 

A metal seal ring shall not have sprayed overlay in place of a sohd face. 

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