EGYPTIAN PETROLEUM

Sami Matar, Ph.D., is a retired professor of chemistry at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dharan, Saudi Arabia. He received a B.Sc. from the University of Cairo and a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Texas, Austin. Dr. Matar has served as associate member of the board of the Egyptian Petroleum Institute and general manager of the chemical and research laboratories of Suez Oil Processing Co. The author and contributor to many articles and books. Dr. Matar is also a member of the American Chemical Society and Society of Petroleum Engineers. 

Alabama,University Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute... 

High Performance Polymers 13, No.2, June 2001, p.S365-71 SURFACTANTS BASED ON RECYCLED POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FOR BREAKING WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS Abdel-Azim A-AA El-Sukkary M M A Egyptian Petroleum Researeh Institute... 

Polymer Recycling 3,No.3, 1997/98, p.173-80 UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS FROM POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) WASTE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION Abdel-Azim AA Mekewi M A Gouda S R Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Ain Shams,University Egypt,Military Technical College... 

Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6, No. 11, Nov. 1995, p.688-92 MAKING POLYMER CONCRETE AND POLYMER MORTAR USING SYNTHESISED UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS FROM POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) WASTE Abdel-Azim A AA Attia IA Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Carro,Ain Shams University... 

El-Tawil, S. Z. Morsi, M. B., "Thermal Treatment of Egyptian Petroleum Coke in an Oxygen Atmosphere," J. of Mines, Metals and Fuels, June 1979, p. 185. 

Hussein, M. H. El-Tawil, S. Z. Rabah, M. A., "Desulfurization of High-Sulfur Egyptian Petroleum Coke," J. Institute Fuel, September 1976, 49, 139. 

Process Development Division, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City,... 

Manar El-Sayed Abdel-Raouf Petroleum Application Department Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute... 

Product applications include the aerospace, automotive, chemical and petroleum industries eincient examples include pottery and glass vessels as well as Egyptian mummies. 

The detection of triterpenoid compounds in extracts from Bidens pilosa may rationalize the use of this plant in traditional Egyptian medicine in the treatment of wounds and against bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract [211,212]. The chloroform extract gave 3-amyrin. Fig. (29), phytosterin B and P-sitosterol glucoside, while the petroleum ether extract afforded P-am5Tin, Fig. (29), phytosterin B, lupeol. Fig. (30), lupeol acetate, linolic acid and linolenic acid. The antimicrobial test was carried out to indicate an evident activity. 

In ancient times, petroleum had some applications in medicine as well as civil works. For example, the ancient Greek scientist Hippocrates (IV-V century B.C.) has described many recipes of medicines which included petroleum. In one ancient manuscript is written we shall mb the patients with petroleum in such a way that the illness is taken away. White petroleum takes away the illness (cough in this case). Black petroleum takes away a reasoning of the cough . The Egyptians used petroleum oils to manufacture preservation mixtures. 

The carbon-14 isotopes enter the biosphere when carbon dioxide is taken up in plant photosynthesis. Plants are eaten by animals, which exhale carbon-14 in CO2. Eventually, carbon-14 participates in many aspects of the carbon cycle. The lost by radioactive decay is constantly replenished by the production of new isotopes in the atmosphere. In this decay-replenishment process, a dynamic equihbrium is established whereby the ratio of to remains constant in living matter. But when an individual plant or an animal dies, the carbon-14 isotope in it is no longer replenished, so the ratio decreases as decays. This same change occurs when carbon atoms are trapped in coal, petroleum, or wood preserved underground, and, of course, in Egyptian mummies. After a number of years, there are proportionately fewer nuclei in, say, a mummy than in a hving person. 

As noted in the American Petroleum Institute s All about Petroleum, the use of petroleum by the Sumerians, Mesopotamians, and Egyptians dates back thousands of years. Asphalt, bitumen, and pitch were used to inlay mosaics in walls, line water canals, and grease chariots. The Chinese first discovered underground deposits of oil, and built bamboo pipelines to transport oil and natural gas. By 1500 CE, the Chinese were drilling wells greater than 2,000 feet deep (American Petroleum Institute, Web site). 

---