Egyptian mummies

Product applications include the aerospace, automotive, chemical and petroleum industries eincient examples include pottery and glass vessels as well as Egyptian mummies. 

Andrews, C. (1998), Egyptian Mummies, British Museum, London. 

Bertrand, L., J. Doucet, P. Dumas, A. Simionovici, A, G. Tsoucaris, and P. Walter (2003), Microbeam synchrotron imaging of hairs from ancient Egyptian mummies,... 

Fleming, S. J. (ed.) (1980), The Egyptian Mummy Secrets and Science, University Museum Handbook Series, Vol. 1, Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 

Hoffman, H., E. Torres William, and D. Ernst Randy (2002), Paleoradiology -Advanced CT in the evaluation of nine Egyptian mummies, Radiogmphics 22(2), 377-385. 

Nissenbaum, A. (1992), Molecular archaeology Organic geochemistry of Egyptian mummies, /. Archaeol. Sci. 19, 1-6. 

M.P. Colombini, F. Modugno, E. Ribechini, The Egyptian mummies in the Museo di Anatomia of the University of Pisa a chemical approach for the characterization of balms, Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage, 13, 83 87 (2004). 

M.P. Colombini, F. Modugno, F. Silvano, M. Onor, Characterisation of the balm of an Egyptian mummy from the seventh century B.C., Studies in Conservation, 45, 19 29 (2000). 

M.L. Proefke, K.L. Rinehart, M. Raheel, S.H. Ambrose, S.U. Wisseman, Probing the mysteries of ancient Egypt. Chemical analysis of Roman period Egyptian mummy, Analytical Chemistry, 64, 105A 111A( 1992). 

Chemolysis of ester bonds is performed by hydrolysis or methanolysis. Acidic metha-nolysis, for 24 h at 80 °C, cleaves ester bonds by transesterification, obtaining the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and has been used to simultaneously study oils, waxes, tannins, resins and polysaccharides in samples collected from embalming materials from Egyptian mummies [17]. Transesterification with trimethyl sulfonium hydroxide in methanol is also used [33,34],... 

P. Mejanelle, J. Bleton, S. Goursaud, A. Tchapla, Identification of phenolic acids and inositols in balms and tissues from an Egyptian mummy, J. Chromatogr. A, 767, 177 186 (1997). 

M.M. Wright and B.B. Wheals, Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of natural gums, resins, and waxes and its use for detecting such materials in ancient Egyptian mummy cases (cartonnages), J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 11, 195 211 (1987). 

See also Albumin Eggplant, citric acid in, 6 632t E-glass-epoxy laminates, 17 843 E-glass fibers, 26 758 Egyptian Giza cotton, 8 2 Egyptian mummies... 

Terpenoids are susceptible to a number of alterations mediated by oxidation and reduction reactions. For example, the most abundant molecule in aged Pinus samples is dehydroabietic acid [Structure 7.10], a monoaromatic diterpenoid based on the abietane skeleton which occurs in fresh (bleed) resins only as a minor component. This molecule forms during the oxidative dehydrogenation of abietic acid, which predominates in rosins. Further atmospheric oxidation (autoxidation) leads to 7-oxodehydroabietic acid [Structure 7.11]. This molecule has been identified in many aged coniferous resins such as those used to line transport vessels in the Roman period (Heron and Pollard, 1988 Beck et al., 1989), in thinly spread resins used in paint media (Mills and White, 1994 172-174) and as a component of resin recovered from Egyptian mummy wrappings (Proefke and Rinehart, 1992). 

Proefke, M.L. and Rinehart, K.L. (1992). Analysis of an Egyptian mummy resin by mass spectrometry. Journal of the American Mass Spectrometry Society 3 582-589. 

Connan, J. and Dessort, D. (1989). Dead sea asphalt in the balms of an Egyptian mummy identification by molecular criteria. Comptes Rendus de VAcademie des Sciences Serie II 309 1665-1672. 

A sample of hair from an Egyptian mummy gives off radiation from carbon-14 at a rate of 58.2 % of a present day sample. How old is the mummy if the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years ... 

Deem, James M. Mummy Tombs. Available online. URL http // www.mummytombs.com/. Accessed May 28, 2009. A splendid educational resource, these pages contains information on Egyptian mummies, Otzi, and the latest mummy news. 

Radiocarbon dating places the age of this Egyptian mummy at 3100 years. 

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