Effectiveness, of synthesis

The effect of synthesis gas composition on conversion, catalyst life, carbon black formation, etc. was determined in numerous tests. Characteristic variables in the synthesis gas composition are the H2/CO ratio, residual C02 content, and content of trace components in the form of higher hydrocarbons and catalyst poisons. 

SH Gehrke, M Palasis, MK Akhtar. Effect of synthesis conditions on properties of polyfALisopropyl acrylamide) gels. Polym Int 29 29-36, 1992. 

Results and Discussion. Of the 12 samples of starch graft copolymer synthesized, half were hydrolyzed to anionic polyelectrolytes. Synthesis data on these 6 samples are given in Table 2. These particular samples were chosen for hydrolysis because the samples can be intercompared to see the effect of synthesis variables on ultimate product properties. Samples 5, 8, and 11 have the same mole ratio of cerium ion to starch backbone, N, in their reaction mixture. Samples 7, 8, and 9 all have the same refctable mass per starch molecule,... 

Tab. 13.1 Effect of synthesis parameters, aging time, reaction temperature, and concentration of metal ions, upon the particle size of the LDHs.

FIGURE 8.5. The effect of synthesis temperature on the anisotropy of PbS nanocrystals. Anisotropy is quantified by the / -factor (rioo/fm, the ratio of the central distance of the 100 faces to that of the 111 faces). The decreasing trend is hypothesized to be due to the increased ability to overcome the activation energy necessary to grow the higher energy faces of the crystal at higher temperature. After Lee et al. 

Chen, C. and Jehng, J. (2003) Effect of synthesis pH and H20 molar ratio on the structure and morphology of aluminum phosphate (AlPO-5) molecular sieves. Catal. Lett., 85 (1-2), 73-80. 

Effect of synthesis temperature of the precursory hectorites on the porous... 

Effect of synthesis conditions on phase composition of Pyrochlore-Brannerite ceramics. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 663, 315-324. 

This paper concerns the cationic isomerization polymerization of 3-methyl-1-butene and 4-methyl-1-pentene. Specifically, the microarchitecture (composition) of poly(3-methyl-l-butene) and poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) has been investigated, and the effect of synthesis conditions on polymer composition, polymer molecular weight and polymerization rate of 4-methyl-1-pentene has been studied. 

The results of the study of the effect of synthesis conditions on the composition of poly(4-methyl-l-pentene) have shown that even under conditions most favorable for the successful competition of isomerization with propagation, i.e., —120° C, using EtAlCl2, in ethyl chloride, the polymer contains only 50% of the desired 1,4-structure. It appears that in the series (n— l)-methyl-l-alkenes as n increases the likelihood of obtaining completely isomerized products via cationic isomerization polymerization is decreased. This is supported qualitatively by results obtained in the cationic polymerization of 4-methyl-l-hexene, an (n—2)-methyl-1-alkene (17). 

Leising, R.A. and E.S. Takeuchi. 1993. Solid-state cathode materials for lithium batteries Effect of synthesis temperature on the physical and electrochemical properties of silver vanadium oxide. Chem. Mater. 5 738-742. 

L. Li, I. Saita, K. Saito, T. Akiyama, Effect of synthesis temperature on the purity of product in hydriding combustion synthesis of Mg2NiH4 , J. Alloys Compd. 345 (2002) 189-195. 

Li et al. (2007) reported the use of dry biomass, Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae) IF04697, whole cell-catalyzed methanolysis of soybean oil for biodiesel (methyl ester) in rm-butanol system. Changing one separate factor at a time (COST), live-level-four-factor Central Composite Design (CCD) were used to evaluate the effects of synthesis conditions, such as tert-butanol to oil volume ratio, methanol to oil molar ratio, water content, and dry biomass amount. Biodiesel yields of 72% were obtained under the optimal conditions using the proposed model for prediction. 

Chang et al. (2005) showed the ability of immobilized lipase C. antarctica (Novozym 435) to catalyze the alcoholysis of canola oil and methanol. RSM and a five-level-five-factor CCRD were employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters, such as reaction time, temperature, enzyme concentration, substrate molar ratio of methanol to canola oil, and added water content... 

In the presentation, the effect of synthesis and aging conditions on the pore and chemical structures of silica gels will be introduced and then the relationship between pore and chemical structures and dehumidification behavior will be discussed. 

Sayari et al. [209-212] followed another path to the synthesis of mesolamellar aluminophosphates. They used AI2O3, H3PO4 and primary or tertiary amines as surfactants in aqueous media. The surfactant was found to be protonated while acting as template. Effects of synthesis parameters such as Al/P, P/amine, P/H2O ratios were studied systemically by XRD and Al and P NMR. The connectivity between Al and P was found to be dependent on the synthesis parameters. 

Tabakova, T., Boccuzzi, F., Manzoli, M., Sobczak, J.W., Idakiev, V., and Andreeva, A. Effect of synthesis procedure on the low-temperature WGS activity of Au/ceria catalysts. Applied Catalysis. 

The mesoporous aluminas synthesized using a nonionic templating method are thermally stable not only to template removal, but also to prolonged heating at elevated temperature. Therefore, these aluminas would be able to maintain their unique structural features in fairly demanding catalyst preparations and catalytic applications. Unlike sol-gel-derived aluminas, the synthesis temperature used for the hydrolysis and condensation of the aluminum alkoxide did not affect the resulting thermal evolution from the aluminum hydroxide to transitional alumina and the subsequent thermal stability of the transitional alumina. The only observed effect of synthesis temperature was the impact on median pore diameter and pore volume.[231]... 

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