EDTA extractions

Quevauviller Ph, Herzig R. and Muntau H (1996b) Certified reference material of lichen (CRM 482) for the quality control of trace element biomonitoring. Sci Total Environ 187 143-152 Quevauviller Ph, Lachica M., Barahona E, Rauret G, Ure A, Gomez A, and Muntau H (1997) The certification of the EDTA-extractable contents (mass fractions) of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn and of the DTPA-extractable contents (mass fractions) of Cd and Ni in calcareous soil by the extraction procedures given CRM 600. EUR Report 17555 Quevauviller Ph. Maier EA, and Griepink B, eds. (1995) Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 

Banin and his colleagues (Banin et al., 1997a) have studied the distribution of trace elements in 45 representative Israeli soils with 0.5-68% of CaC03 and 7.0-8.25 pH (Table 2.4). The total Cu concentration ranges from 3.21 mg/kg in a loessial soil to 62.05 mg/kg in a desert stony soil. In general, alluvial soils, colluvial-alluvial soils, and Terra-Rossa soils contain higher Cu than soils in Mediterranean brown and rendzina. The EDTA-extractable Cu content varies from 2-7.5 mg/kg in rendzinas, alluvial soils, and saline soils. 

The total Zn concentration in 45 Israeli soils varies from 7.94-144.2 mg/kg with an average of 56.1 28.7 mg/kg. Terra-Rossa soils contain higher Zn than rendzina soils. Total Zn concentrations in Mediterranean red soils vary from 200-215 mg/kg, while brown isohumic soils on calcareous sandstone contain 48 mg/kg total Zn. However, soils on alluvians from aeolian deposits have 82-90 mg/kg, and saline alkali soils contain 100-200 mg/kg of total Zn. EDTA-extractable Zn varies from 1.9-13 mg/kg, representing 1.7-9.6% of the total Zn in Mediterranean red soils, reddish-brown isohumic soils and rendinas soils (Aubert and Pinta, 1977). 

Hot water-extractable B and ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid-extractable Mo in 200 Egyptian arid soils ranged from 0.39-3.42 mg/kg and 0.030-0.395 mg/kg, respectively. DTPA-extractable Zn and Mn were from 0.377-11.93 and 7.28-51.87 mg/kg, respectively. EDTA-extractable Cu varied from 3.25-34.32 mg/kg. The average bioavailable B, Mo, Zn, Mn and Cu was 1.216, 15.02, 15.6, 0.185 and 1.53 mg/kg, respectively. These soils were sampled from both wheat and maize fields. The soils had 1-24.1% CaC03 and 7.57-8.95 pH. Bioavailable Zn varied considerably among the arid soils studied. 

Water soluble Se in the North West region varied from 0.0002-0.0429 mg/kg. Water soluble Se accounted for 2.13-6.34% of the total Se in the soils of North China. Selenium is an essential element to animals and humans. When water soluble Se in soils is less than 0.003 mg/kg, Se deficiency in animal and human beings may occur. EDTA-extractable Se in the alkali desert soils of North China was in the range of 0.011-0.090 mg/kg this was about 5-11% of the total Se in the soils. Selenium deficiency was mostly found in the Loess Plateau and Tibet region. NH4OAc-cxtractable Ni in soils from Beijing was 0.29 mg/kg. 

In silt clay soils (0-30 cm) of Isfahan, Central Iran, the amount of EDTA-extractable Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co and Cr were 3.2, 1.8, 2.6, 0.6, 0.16, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively (Khoshgoftarmanesh and Kalbasi, 2002). Concentrations of these trace elements increased in subsoils (30-60 cm) and increased with applications of municipal waste leachate. In the surface soils of agricultural, industrial and urban regions of Isfahan, central Iran, the average DTPA-Cd was 0.09 mg/kg, and about 80% of the soil samples had less than 0.1 mg/kg DTPA-extractable Cd (Amini et al., 2005). DTPA-Cd was strongly correlated with EC in the soils. 

In Central Iran, irrigation with sewage increased EDTA-extractable metals (Ni, Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn) in soils. At high irrigation rates (600 tons/ha), sewage irrigation increased the concentrations of some heavy... 

There is only limited information in the literature on determinations of carrier numbers for the uptake of trace metals. Hudson and Morel [7] and later Sunda and Huntsman [200] argued that to enable Fe uptake, marine diatoms required extremely large numbers of carriers (enough to cover 50% of the cell surface area in some cases). For Pb uptake by Chlorella kesslerii, Slaveykova and Wilkinson [201] have also estimated large carrier numbers of 1.5 x 10 11 mol cm-2 (> 106 carriers per cell) using kinetic EDTA extraction techniques. Finally, using similar extraction kinetics, saturation of Zn... 

Kim C, Lee Y, Ong SK. Factors affecting EDTA extraction of lead from lead-contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2003 51 845-853. 

Nami Kartal, S. (2003). Removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-C treated wood by EDTA extraction. Waste Management, 23(6), 537-546. 

Solubilization of Membrane Proteins. A modification of the procedure of Hjelmeland et al. (30) was employed. A 300-g portion of liquid-nitrogen frozen, 6-day Nicotiana silvestris cultured cells was suspended in 200 ml of 50 mM N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine-N -3-propanesulfonic acid (EPPS-KOH) buffer, 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), and 0.1 mM EDTA extraction buffer with constant stirring until completely suspended (20 min). The slurry was centrifuged in a Sorvall SS 34 rotor at 9,000g for 20 min at 4°C. The supernatant was passed through miracloth (Calbiochem). An aliquot... 

Homogenization with ice cold 145 HC104 and EDTA, extraction, centrifugation. 

Standing Committee of Analysts (DoE) (1979) The Analysis of Agricultural Materials -Copper, EDTA Extractable in Soil Method 26, MAFF Technical Bulletin RB 427, HMSO, London, UK. 

Blum, U., Worsham, A. D., King, L. D. and Gerig, T. M., 1994. Use of water and EDTA extractions to estimate available (free and reversibly bound) phenolic acids in Cecil soils. J. Chem. Ecol. 20, 341-359... 

FoFi solubilized from membranes of DK8 carrying pBWU13 was applied to glycerol gradient, and fractions near the bottom had practically pure FoFi lane 1, EDTA extract of DK8/pBWU 13 lane 2, purified FoFi lane 3, purified Fi. Details can be found in Moriyama et al.12)... 

Extraction methods based on solutions of chelating agents, such as EDTA and DTPA, or salts of weak acids, such as ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) (Lakanen and Ervio, 1971 Lindsay and Norwell, 1969), can be used to assess plant-available trace element contents of soils and to evaluate more robustly human exposure to environmental risks in an urban context. A study carried out in the main cities of Campania region in southern Italy (Albanese, 2008) demonstrated how the bioavailable concentrations of some trace elements such as Zn, Pb and Cu in soils, determined using ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction, are much lower than the elemental concentrations determined by an aqua regia extraction on the same samples (Table 8.1). 

Note It is clearly evident that bioavailable concentrations (evaluated through the use of ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction) are significantly lower than aqua regia determined concentrations for the elements considered. N = number... 

Albanese, S. (2008). Evaluation of the bioavailability of potentially harmful elements in urban soils through ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction A case study in southern Italy. Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal. 8, 49—57. 

Fig. 3. Gradient (4-20%) acrylamide gel of bone extracts from a fossil whale bone (10,000 years b.p.). Soluble extract (A) shows a range of molecular weights that are stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The insoluble (in guanidine/EDTA) extract was heated in gel sample buffer at 100° for 30 min, and the buffer was removed. This insoluble extract also has a range of molecular weights that tend to be higher on average than the EDTA-soluble component. The soluble extract was digested with bacterial collagenase (B), and two products with molecular weights similar to albumin and osteonectin were revealed.

Quantitative data on the rate of consumption of pfa are few and somewhat variable. Those based on differences between the CH contents of pure Portland and pfa cements are suspect, because the calculation involves the effects of pfa substitution both on the rate of consumption of the clinker phases and on the compositions of the products, which are not fully understood. Unreacted pfa has been directly determined by dissolution of the other phases with HCl (C43) or with salicylic acid in methanol followed by HCl (T44), chemical separation of the residual pfa followed by QXDA determination of its content of crystalline phases (D12) and a trimethylsily-lation method (U19). A method based on EDTA extraction was found unsatisfactory (L46). 

There seems little doubt that divalent cations play an important role in the overall structure of the cell wall of Ps. aeruginosa. If this is so, then removal or displacement of these ions by chelating agents such as EDTA can be expected to have a drastic effect on the normal functioning of the cell wall. A number of workers have suggested that the action of EDTA is to disorganise one of the layers, probably lipoprotein in the cell wall [136-138] while others have shown that EDTA extracts lipid, lipoprotein or lipopolysaccharide from the cell wall [24,25, 139]. 

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