Dynamical threshold

The idea that the vibrational enhancement of the rate is due to the attraetive potential for excited vibrational states of the reactant is closely related to the observation made long ago based on transition state theoiy [25,26]. Poliak [25] found that for vibrationally highly excited reactants the repulsive pods (periodic orbit dividing surface) is way out in die reactant valley, and the corresponding adiabatic barrier is shallow. Based on this theory one can explain why dynamical thresholds are observed in reactions with vibrationally excited reactants. The simplicity of the theory and its success for mostly collinear reactions has a real appeal. However, to reconcile the existence of a vibrationally adiabatic barrier with the capture-type behavior - which seems to be supported by the agreement of the calculated and experimental rate coefficients [23] -needs further study. 

Sonnhammer, E. L., Durbin, R. (1995) A dot-matrix program with dynamic threshold control suited for genomic DNA and protein sequence analysis, Gene 167 GC1-10. 

Structures suggestive of quantized transition states are discernible even in the un-convoluted N°( ). The initial rise between 0.40 and 0.45 eV is quite marked, so we assign this feature as [00°]. Since N°(E) reaches about 1 by 0.45 eV, the feature corresponds to a nearly ideal dynamical bottleneck. The rapid rise at 0.66-0.67 eV has been shown to be due to a dynamical threshold for formation of vibrationally excited v = 1 products (157), so we assign it as [10°]. Other features in N°(E), however, are associated with different kinds of dynamical effects. For example, the sharp peak at 0.647 eV has been identified previously as a trapped-state resonance, and the broader features between 0.5 and 0.6 eV have been associated with rotational thresholds of the asymptotic diatom (17). 

A. Johansson, M. Bask, T. Norlander. (2006). Dynamic threshold generators for robust fault detection in linear systems with parameter uncertainty . Automatica, 42,1095-1106. 

Capsaican is a TRPV-1 agonist. TRPVl (also termed the capsaican receptor) is a polymodal nociceptor exhibiting a dynamic threshold of activation that is markedly reduced in inflammatory conditions [3]. TRPVl knock-out mice are devoid of post-inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. TRPV receptors are in abundance on unmyelinated C fiber peripheral endings and respond to a variety of noxious mediators. Once activated these fibers transmit localized and... 

Clearly then, for the DIM surface the forward reaction 0 + H2(v=1) is not vibrationally adiabatic whereas the reverse reaction OH(v=l) + H is. In view of this dichotomy between the forward and reverse reactions, it is not surprising that the ground state reaction 0 + H2(v=0) -> OH(v =0) 4- H has an effective dynamical threshold between the classical barrier and the ground state vibrationally adiabatic barrier energies a compromise between vibrationally adiabatic and non-adiabatic behavior. 

Here presented results were acquainted predominantly by one-channel ten-level AE analyser IOC of the AED Laboratory Brno firm. This device is equipped by ten window threshold levels, defined fi-om top and bottom, the tenth level has not limitation fi-om top. Total dynamic range is 40 dB. The analyser enables continuous observation of total number of counts Nc, or number of counts per time unit and similar. Everything may be observed both in lull measured range and in individual levels. Range of measuring interval is SO ms up to 2500 ms. 

Evaluation of results (new setting of amplitude threshold in 2 dB steps over the entire dynamic range +/- 12 dB, distance measurement in top and side view)... 

The easy and convenient postprocessing of test findings enables an exact survey of flaws, enlargement of any zones requested, and shifting of the recording threshold within the recorded dynamic range of 24 dB. 

Small metal clusters are also of interest because of their importance in catalysis. Despite the fact that small clusters should consist of mostly surface atoms, measurement of the photon ionization threshold for Hg clusters suggest that a transition from van der Waals to metallic properties occurs in the range of 20-70 atoms per cluster [88] and near-bulk magnetic properties are expected for Ni, Pd, and Pt clusters of only 13 atoms [89] Theoretical calculations on Sin and other semiconductors predict that the stmcture reflects the bulk lattice for 1000 atoms but the bulk electronic wave functions are not obtained [90]. Bartell and co-workers [91] study beams of molecular clusters with electron dirfraction and molecular dynamics simulations and find new phases not observed in the bulk. Bulk models appear to be valid for their clusters of several thousand atoms (see Section IX-3). 

Polik W F, Guyer D R, Miller W H and Moore C B 1990 Eigenstate-resolved unimolecular reaction dynamics ergodic character of Sq formaldehyde at the dissociation threshold J. Chem. Phys. 92 3471-84... 

For airborne sound, the reference pressure is 2 X 10" Pa (29 X psi), which is nominally the human threshold of hearing at 1000 Hz. The corresponding sound pressure level is 0 dB. Conversation is about 50 dB, ana a Jackhammer operator is subject to 100 dB. Extreme levels such as a jet engine at takeoff might produce 140 dB at a distance of 3 m, which is a pressure amplitude oi 200 Pa (29 X 10" psi). These examples demonstrate both the sensitivity and wide dynamic range of the human ear. 

Volume of vessel (free volume V) Shape of vessel (area and aspect ratio) Type of dust cloud distribution (ISO method/pneumatic-loading method) Dust explosihility characteristics Maximum explosion overpressure P ax Maximum explosion constant K ax Minimum ignition temperature MIT Type of explosion suppressant and its suppression efficiency Type of HRD suppressors number and free volume of HRD suppressors and the outlet diameter and valve opening time Suppressant charge and propelling agent pressure Fittings elbow and/or stub pipe and type of nozzle Type of explosion detector(s) dynamic or threshold pressure, UV or IR radiation, effective system activation overpressure Hardware deployment location of HRD suppressor(s) on vessel... 

G.T. Gray III and P.S. Follansbee, Influence of Peak Pressure and Pulse Duration on the Substructure Development and Threshold Stress Measurements in Shock-loaded Copper, in Impact Loading and Dynamic Behavior of Materials (edited by C.Y. Chiem, H.-D. Kunze, and L.W. Meyer), Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Metall-kunde, Germany, 1988, 541 pp. 

In the dynamic simulation run, the pressures and flowrates at the input and output of each module are known. It is, therefore, possible to perform non-linear correction of the control mode, such that the changes in regenerator pressure in the event of load shedding are minimized. In a test performed with a correspondingly corrected controller structure, the pressure drop after load shedding was reduced from 46 mbar to 19 mbar. The subsequent pressure rise of 27 mbar is just below the specified threshold. 

The first element, dynamic dilution, provides a reproducible sample for each panelist. The system must minimize the loss of the odorant to the walls of the delivery apparatus, provide clean dilution air of odor-free quality, maintain a constant dilution ratio for the duration of a given test, and have no memory effect when going from high to low concentrations or switching between odorants of different character. The type of mask or port and the delivery flow rate have been found to influence the response of panelists in determining odor threshold and intensity. 

Predictive maintenance systems use two methods of detecting a change in the operating condition of plant equipment static and dynamic. Static alert and alarm limits are pre-selected thresholds that are downloaded into the microprocessor. If the measurement parameters exceed the pre-set limit, an alarm is displayed. This... 

The dynamics, which consists of two operations, is most conveniently expressed in terms of this local slope value. Start with an arbitrary initial pile of sand, r] t = 0). If the local slope at any site i exceeds an arbitrarily chosen threshold value r/c the system is allowed to relax by continually applying a relation rule 4>-re ax — Areiaxl ) that effectively slides one unit of sand downhill (i.e. to the right) according to (see figure 8.17)... 

Intermlttency Manneville [mann80] showed that for the special case of a generic intermittency threshold in which the tangent point lies at the endpoint of the interval (in the case of a one dimensional iterative map of an interval to itself), the resulting chaotic dynamics has a power spectrum S f) 1/ (/(log/) ) for low /. Miracky, et. al. were able to modify the map to obtain an exact 1// behavior [mirack87]. Because the result depends on the fine-tuning of an external parameter, however, it does not so mucdi explain the generic appearance of flicker noise phenomena as beg the obvious question, why do systems typically sit at whatever... 

T for the Hopfield net and replacing the deterministic threshold dynamics with a stochastic rule [hinton83] ... 

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