Thermal hyperalgesia

Memantine also blocks and reverses thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical al-lodynia in rat models of painful mononeuropathy without obvious effects on motor reflexes following systemic (Carlton and Hargett 1995 Eisenberg et al. 1993,1995 Suzuki et al. 2001) and local spinal administration (Chaplan et al. 

Chronic constriction injury (CCI) models (Bennett and Xie, 1988 Kim and Chung, 1992 Mosconi and Kruger, 1996) have been used to examine chronic pain states in experimental animals. In these models, intrathecally administered a2-agonists reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia that developed following nerve constriction (Levy et al., 1994 Yaksh et al., 1995). This... 

Mao, J., Price, D. D., Hayes, R. L., Lu, J., Mayer, D. J. Differential roles of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor activation in induction and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia in rats with painful peripheral mononeuropathy, Brain Res. 1992, 598, 271-278. 

Sutton, J.L., Maccecchini, M.L., Kajander, K.C. The kainate receptor antagonist 2S,4R-4-methylglutamate attenuates mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a rat model of nerve injury, Neuroscience 1999, 91, 283-292. 

Further experimental evidence for the involvement of SP in pain perception came from knock-out animals. Mice, in which the preprotachykinin A gene was disrupted, showed significantly reduced responses in tests that involved more intense noxious stimuli (Cao et al., 1998). De Felipe et al. (1998) disrupted the N receptor, and found the characteristic amplification ( wind up ) and intensity coding of nociceptive reflexes to be absent. NK receptor knockout mice show no changes in acute nociception tests. In contrast, SP and NKi receptor knock-out mice show reduction in responses to inflammatory stimuli. Nerve injury-induced mechanical but not thermal hyperalgesia is attenuated in NKi receptor knock-out mice, when inducing chronic neuropathic pain by unilateral ligation of the L5 spinal nerve (Mansikka et al., 2000). 

Some other related studies established that resveratrol can attenuate diabetic nephropathy in rats [Sharma et al., 2006a] and reduce thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in streptozotozin-induced diabetic rats [Sharma et al., 2006b]. 

Sharma S, Kulkarni SK, Chopra K. 2006b. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin attenuates thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Indian J Exp Biol 44 566-569. 

Svensson C. I., Hua X. Y., Proffer A. A., Powell H. C., and Yaksh T. L. (2003a). Spinal p38 MAP kinase is necessary for NMDA-induced spinal PGE2 release and thermal hyperalgesia. NeuroReport 14 1153-1157. 

Maeda, T., Kiguchi, N., Kobayashi, Y., Ozaki, M., and Kishioka, S. (2008). Pioglitazone attenuates tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in mice subjected to peripheral nerve injury. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 108, 341-347. 

Ma, W., and Quirion, R. (2006). Increased calcitonin gene-related peptide in neuroma and invading macrophages is involved in the up-regulation of interleukin-6 and thermal hyperalgesia in a rat model of mononeuropathy. J. Neurochem. 98, 180—192. 

Sakaue, G., Shimaoka, M., Fukuoka, T., Hiroi, T., Inoue, T., Hashimoto, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sawa, Y., Morishita, R., Kiyono, H., Noguchi, K., and Mashimo, T. (2001). NF-kappa B decoy suppresses cytokine expression and thermal hyperalgesia in a rat neuropathic pain model. 

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