Durian fruit

Yantarasri et al (2000) observed significant differences between durian fruit of 50% maturity (CT number —70.59) and durian fruit of 80% maturity (CT number —45.18). The CT number computed from the image intensity showed an increasing trend with the increase in maturity according to a polynomial relationship with R2 = 0.99. Brecht et al. (1991) reported similar results in tomato in which X-ray CT images showed intense signal in the gel tissue of fully mature tomatoes that appeared brighter than that of immature fruit. Suzuki et al. (1994) reported CT number referred to unripened papaya lower than that of the ripened ones. 

Yantarasri, T., Kalayanamitra, K., Saranwong, S., and Somsrivichai, J. 2000. Evaluation of the maturity index for durian fruit by various destructive and non-destructive techniques. Quality assurance in agricultural produce. In ACIAR Proceedings (G.I. Johnson, Fe Van To, Nguyen Duy Due, and M.C. Webb, eds), pp. 700-705. 

This article gives an account of a case of dangerous potassium overdose from eating a durian fruit. 

Like the acquisition of a taste for bitter or sour foods, a taste for foods with what would seem at first to be an unpleasant aroma or flavour can also be acquired. Here things become more complex - a pleasant smell to one person may be repulsive to another. Some people enjoy the smell of cooked cabbage and sprouts, whereas others can hardly bear to be in the same room. The durian fruit is a highly prized delicacy in South-East Asia, yet to the uninitiated it smells of sewage or faeces — hardly an appetizing aroma. 

An important sulfide is methional (8-37). Methional in beer and wine is formed by the activity of microorganisms. It is partly reduced to the corresponding alcohol methionol (8-13) and reaction with acetyl-CoA yields 3-methylthiopropyl acetate (8-129), which is an important component of various fermented foods. Another ester of acetic acid 3-(methylthio)hexyl acetate is a component that posseses attractive tropical fruity notes on dilution. The less odoriferous (-)-(J )-enantiomer (8-130) is reminiscent of passion fruit, while the (-l-)-(S)-form has a more herbaceous odour. The odour thresholds of these thiols in air are 0.10 ng/1 and 0.03 ng/1, respectively. Both isomers have been found in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis, Passifloraceae), guava Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae) and aromatic white wines. Methyl-3-(methylthio)propionate, or pineapple mercaptan (8-131), has a flavour reminiscent of pineapple. S-Methylthiohexanoate (8-132) is a component of the durian fruit smell. Condensation of methional with ethanol yields (Z)-2-(methylthio)methylbut-2-enal also known as 2-ethylidenemethional (8-133), which is an important component of potato chips aroma. It also occurs in... 

Durian is one of the most commercially important fresh fruits in S.E. Asia, yet sorting immature from mature fruit by external measures is very difficult, so it is a prime candidate for non-invasive methods. Yantarasri and co-workers have sought correlations between soluble solids and sensory estimates of maturity with X-ray CT and NIRS measurements with moderate success but more recently they observed that MRI spin-echo image contrast at 0.5 T varied with the degree of maturity. Unfortunately no attempt was made to quantify relaxation time changes or separate oil-water peaks. However it was suggested that the contrast differences indicated signihcantly lower oil content in unripe durian compared to the ripe and overripe fruit. 

Watercore in durian is usually associated with a bitter taste and unacceptable fruit quality so the ability of MRI to detect this condition is significant. The watercore disorder shows up as a bright region of increased free water near the central core of the fruit " not a dissimilar observation to that of Wang and co-workers with watercore in apples. 

Found chiefly in the American tropics, this family is the source of kapok, balsa wood, some ornamental trees, and the popular Asian fruit, durian. 

Many commodities traded internationally are not classified in the Codex Classification of Commodities. The portion to which MRL should be applied for international trade is not clearly defined. Since there is no international agreement on this, an arbitrary imposition of portions to which MRLs apply to reject or accept a crop is a common practice especially in developing countries. This has occurred on several occasions and has given rise to unnecessary trade dispute. These commodities should be elaborated at the international level and portions of the commodity should be clearly defined. The MRL for mango for example, is clearly defined as the whole fruit, but analysis is conducted without the seed for practical reasons. This however, is not applicable to other tropical fruits such as durian, jackfruit, lychee, duku, langsat, wax apple, rambutan, etc. 

Durian—The tree and fruit of Durio zibethinus, a plant cultivated in Southeast Asia. The fruit is 6-8 in (15-20 cm) in diameter and has a hard external husk covered with coarse spines. Inside, five oval compartments are filled with sweet, custard-like pulp. 

One of those fascinating creations of nature, durian is called the king of fruits by Thais. It stimulates the senses for its somewhat offputting fragrance contrasted against delicious, complex taste. 

Durian nutrients are diverse at good levels, two exceptions being omega fats and vitamin E, which are highly enriched in the fruit and seeds. Polyphenols include quercetin and caffeic, p-coumaric, and hydroxycinnamic acids. A topic in the medical literature since the 1960s, durian displays no specific tested or published antidisease properties. 

The answer is durians. And what are durians One of the most interesting fruits in existence. 

Durians grow mostly in Southeast Asia, where they are referred to as the king of fruit. The only problem is the king needs a bath. While people describe the fruit s taste in exalted terms, they admit that it smells like a public toilet with a backed-up drain. 

Durian is an Indonesian word that derives from duri, which translates as "thorn. Indeed, the durian is a thorny fruit in more ways than one. It is about the size of a large cantaloupe, and it s shaped like a football. Its hard shell is covered with sharp spikes. Let s just say that, when a durian falls from a tree, you don t want to be standing under it. But eating the fruit is a different matter entirely. 

TAGs are the most important storage components of seeds in many plants, ineluding oilseeds, such as sunflower (Helianthus amuus), rapeseed Brassica napus), soybean Glycine max), etc. [41]. At the same time, such plants as the olive Olea europaed), avoeado Persea americand), durian Durio zibethinus), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), sea buekthom (Hippophae rhamnoides) and some others, accumulate TAG not only in the seeds, but also in juicy fruit parts outside the seeds (pericarp, hypanthium, etc.) [42-46] (see below). 

At the same time, as it was mentioned above, there are some plants (oil palm, avocado, olive, sea buckthorn, durian, and others), in which a significant amount of oil is contained not only in the seeds, but also in the juicy non-seed parts of the fruit arillus, pericarp, hypantium, mesocarp, etc., TAG of which are not used by the plant itself as a source of organic matter and energy. Such plants are called as plants with oily mesocarp (POM). With regard to TAG composition, these juicy non-seed parts of many POM fruits contains highly saturated oil with predominance of Cie FAs, palmitic and hexadecenoic (or Ci8 i FAs, as a rule, oleic but in some cases noticeable concentrations of its positional isomer, c 5-vaccenic acid, also occur) [42-46, 79], while the seeds of the same fruits accumulate TAG rich in polyunsaturated Cis FAs, linoleic and a-linolenic [42, 80]. 

Nowadays, more than 50% of the fruit of one durian, including skin, seed, etc., is considered as waste [39], Hence, as in the case of oil palm, using durian skin as composite is an attempt to convert a waste into a value-added product. Although not as extensively used as sugar palm and oil palm, there are several reports on the usage of durian skin for composite materials, including paperboard. 

The range in fatty acid composition of the aril from four durian clones is given in Table 5.13. The oil is composed primarily of palmitic and oleic acids with a high linolenic acid content when compared to most fruit coat fats. The fat content of the wet aril ranged from 3.8 to 5.2% (Berry,... 

Ethyl methyl disulfide, along with other sulfur compounds, is a flavour-active component of the highly prized fruit durian (Durio zibethinus, Bombacaceae), native to Indonesia and Malaysia, whose odour is reminiscent of rancid meat. AUyl-, propyl-, methyl- and... 

The tropical category is one of the most important areas for new discoveries of key impact flavor compounds. Analyses of passion fruit and durian flavors have produced identifications of many potent sulfur aroma compounds (18). Among these is fropathiane, 2-methyl-4-propyl-l,3-oxathiane, which has an odor threshold of 3 ppb (15). For pineapple, 2-propenyl hexanoate (allyl caproate) exhibits a typical pineapple character (11) however, Furaneol, ethyl 3-methyl-thiopropionate, and ethyl-2-methylbutyrate are important supporting character impact compounds (31). The latter ester contributes the background apple note to pineapple flavor. Another character impact compound, allyl 3-cyclohexyl-... 

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