Dry and clear

DIPHENYLGLYOXAL PEROXIDE DRY AND CLEAR EPI-CLEAR FOSTEX GAROX INCIDOL... 

SYNONYMS benoxyl, benzoperoxide, benzoyl superoxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, di-phenylglyoxal peroxide, dry and clear. 

Synonyms cas 94-36-0 acetoxyl acnegel benoxyl benzac benzoic acid, peroxide benzoperoxide benzoyl benzoyl superoxide CLEARASIL BENZOYL peroxide LOTION CLEARASIL BP ACNE TREATMENT CUTICURA ACNE CREAM DEBROXIDE DRY AND CLEAR EPI-CLEAR FOSTEX OXY-5 OXY-10 OXYLITE OXY... 

The Courtaulds semicommercial production system is iUustrated in Figure 8. Dissolving-grade woodpulp is mixed into a paste with NMMO and passes through a high temperature dissolving unit to yield a clear viscous solution. This is filtered and spun into dilute NMMO whereupon the ceUulose fibers precipitate. These are washed and dried, and finally baled as staple or tow products as required by the market. The spin bath and wash Uquors are passed to solvent recovery systems which concentrate the NMMO to the level required for reuse in dissolution. 

PhenoHcs that are not heat-reactive may be incorporated into both air-dried and baked oleoresinous coatings. AppHcations vary widely and include clear and pigmented exterior varnishes, aluminum-maintenance paints, 2inc-rich primers, can coatings, insulation varnishes, and concrete paints. As modifiers in a great variety of appHcations, they enhance the performance of oleoresinous and alkyd coatings. 

In another method, phosgene is gradually passed into 1,2-propylene glycol (9). The chloroformate is washed, dried, and distilled at 266 Pa (2 mm Hg) and added slowly to a mixture of aHyl alcohol and pyridine below 15°C. The purified monomer 1,2-propylene glycol bis(aHyl carbonate) (C H O ) heated with lauroyl peroxide at 70°C gives a hard clear, polymer. 

Dry-Throwaway Processes. Dry-throwaway systems were the precursor of processes that removed SO2 iu the ductwork, eg, the BCZ and IDS processes. Here, however, the device is a spray chamber similar to the wet scmbbers such as the three modules of the Colstrip iastallation (Fig. 12). Into the upper portion of the chamber a slurry or clear solution containing sorbent is sprayed. Water evaporates from the droplets, the sorbent reacts with SO2 both before and after drying, and the dry product is removed ia a downstream baghouse or ESP (72). Unfortunately, dry scmbbiag is much less efficient than wet scmbbiag and lime, iastead of the much less expensive limestone, is required to remove SO2 effectively. Consequentiy, a search has been conducted for more reactive sorbents (72—75). 

The assumptions involved in dris equation clearly do not accurately describe real gases in which the atoms or molecules interact widr one another, and occupy a finite volume in space the size of which is determined by the complexity and mass of the particles. The first successful attempt to improve on the ideal equation was that of van der Waals... 

The phenol (Imol) in 5% aqueous NaOH is treated (while cooling) with benzoyl chloride (Imol) and the mixture is stirred in an ice bath until separation of the solid benzoyl derivative is complete. The derivative is filtered off, washed with alkali, then water, and dried (in a vacuum desiccator over NaOH). It is recrystalUsed from ethanol or dilute aqueous ethanol. The benzoylation can also be carried out in dry pyridine at low temperature ca 0°) instead of in NaOH solution, finally pouring the mixture into water and collecting the solid as above. The ester is hydrolysed by refluxing in an alcohol (for example, ethanol, n-butanol) containing two or three equivalents of the alkoxide of the corresponding alcohol (for example sodium ethoxide or sodium n-butoxide) and a few ca 5-10) millilitres of water, for half an hour to three hours. When hydrolysis is complete, an aliquot will remain clear on dilution with four to five times its volume of water. Most of the solvent is distilled off. The residue is diluted with cold water and acidified, and the phenol is steam distilled. The latter is collected from the distillate, dried and either fractionally distilled or recrystalUsed. 

Dissolve in Et20, add quinol (500mg for 300mL), dry over Na2S04, filter, evaporate and distil under dry N2. It is a clear liquid if dry and decompose very slowly. In the presence of H2O traces of tributyl tin hydroxide are formed in a few days. Store in sealed glass ampoules in small aliquots. It is estimated by reaction with aq NaOH when H2 is liberated. CARE stored samples may be under pressure due to liberated H2. [J Appl Chem 7 366 1957.]... 

A-Homo-5a-cholestan-4-one (3b). A solution of sodium nitrite (2 g) in water (100 ml) is added over 1 hr to a stirred solution of 3-(5 -spiro-2, 2 -dimethyloxazolidinyl)-5a-cholestane (7 4.58 g) in aqueous 10% acetic acid (800 ml), maintained at 0-5° for 3 hr and the mixture is then allowed to stand overnight. The reaction mixture is neutralized with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and the resulting white suspension is extracted with ether. The ether extracts are washed with water, dried and concentrated to give a semisolid residue which is converted to the semicarbazone by warming in methanol solution (ca. 65 ml/g) with an excess of methanolic semicarbazide-acetate solution. The precipitate of semicarbazone is recrystallized from ethanol to give a white powder mp 239-241°. A solution of hydrochloric acid (50 ml) in ethanol (450 ml) is added to the semicarbazone and the mixture is heated at reflux for 1 hr. The clear solution is diluted with water (250 ml) and the... 

The oily residue is taken up in 100 ml of 6 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and refluxed until a clear solution is obtained. The latter is made basic with aqueous ammonia and extracted with diethyl ether the organic solution is separated, washed, dried and evaporated. The residue is distilled under reduced pressure to yield 26.3 g of 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-propylamine, BP 116° to 118°C/16 mm. 

The solvent was evaporated off under reduced pressure, and the residual gum refluxed with concentrated hydrochloric acid (50 g) for 6 hours. The solution was aliowed to cool overnight. It was filtered from the phthalic acid crystals, and freeze-dried, and to the pink residue was added acetone (160 g) and ethyl acetate (50 g). The mixture was left in the cold room overnight and the clear pink supernatant liquid poured off. The pink gummy hydrochloride remaining in the flask was dissolved in water (20 g), saturated sodium acetate solution added until precipitation was complete, and the product collected and dried in a desiccator. The crude p-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-aminophenylalanine (3.6 g) was crystallized from methanol giving colorless needles, MP 172° to 174°C (decomp.) of p-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-aminophenylalanine. 

If an emulsion has formed, it may be broken by acidifying with hydrochloric acid, whereupon two clear layers are obtained. The benzene solution may be dried and then fractionated or preferably, it may be steam distilled. In the latter case it is transferred to a r-1. Claisen flask, the flask is set in an oil bath (Note 3) and the benzene distilled. Steam is then passed in, and after the last of the benzene is removed, the p-bromodi-phenyl distils with the steam. The temperature of the oil bath is held at 170° in order to hasten the distillation. The product solidifies in the condenser and receiving flask. There is obtained 23-24 g. of -bromodiphenyl which melts at 85-86.5°. 

Imagine five people working together to wash a stack of very greasy dishes. The first two clear the table and hand the dishes to the third person who washes them and hands them on. The last two persons dry and stack them. Which step is likely to be the rate determining step In the light of your answer, discuss how the rate of the overall process would be affected if a sixth person joined the group (a) as a table clearer (b) as a second dishwasher (c) as a dish dryer. 

An accident described with ammoniacal siiver chloride also occurs with ammoniacal silver nitrate, when kept for too long. Such a solution, which was kept for two weeks, detonated when it was stirred with a glass stirrer. Some authors vapourised such a solution when it was dry and isolated a solid, which proved to be explosive on impact. The structure of this (or these) compound(s), which is (or are) formed is not clearly defined. The authors, who proceeded to add sodium hydroxide containing ammonia to the solid, obtained a solid, which detonated almost immediately after its appearance in the solution. They considered it to be trisilver nitride. 

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