Drier additives

There are several other manufacturers who supply zirconium octanoates as paint drier additives. These are not normally used as adhesion promoters or coupling agents. 

Para-chlor-ortho-nitraniline n. Pigment red 6 (12090). The parachlor variety of chlorinated para red is redder (less yellow) in shade and more transparent compared to the ortho-chlor but much superior in lightfastness. It is superior in tint lightfastness to toluidine red. Special precautions are required in drier addition to parachlor red paints since it discolors (dark and dull) with cobalt and/or iron driers. Syn parachlor red. 

Cobait hydroxide and metal Wet blended drier additive... 

Nonvolatile vehicles Solvent based Oils Resins Driers Additives... 

Rosin sizing usually involves the addition of dilute aqueous solutions or dispersions of rosin soap size and alum to a pulp slurry (44—46). Although beater addition of either coreactant is permissable, addition of both before final pulp refining is unwise because subsequently exposed ceUulose surfaces may not be properly sized. The size and alum should be added sufficiendy eady to provide uniform distribution in the slurry, and adequate time for the formation and retention of aluminum resinates, commonly referred to as size precipitate. Free rosin emulsion sizes, however, do not react to a significant degree with alum in the pulp slurry, and addition of a cationic starch or resin is recommended to maximize retention of size to fiber. Subsequent reaction with aluminum occurs principally in the machine drier sections (47). 

Printing Ink Formulation. Inks typically contain three main components pigments, ie, the colored, soHd iagredients vehicles, ie, the fluid iagredients and additives, such as driers and extenders. 

The octylphenol condensate is used as an additive to lubricating oils and surface-active agents. Other uses of dimer are amination to octylamine and octyldiphenylamine, used in mbber processing hydroformylation to nonyl alcohol for phthalate production and carboxylation via Koch synthesis to yield acids in formulating paint driers (see Drying). 

Paint Driers and Polymer Additives. Paints based on alkyd resins (qv) dry by the oxidation and cross-linking of unsaturated side chains. Metal catalysts are included in paint formulations to promote this drying. Cerium carboxylates, eg, the naphthenate, are used as through driers, ie, to promote drying in the body of the paint film rather than at the film s surface (44). 

As a result of the diene addition reaction, CPD has been converted into innumerable derivatives, some of which are tabulated in Table 3. The products obtained from the diene addition reaction are extremely versatile chemicals suitable as intermediates for the production of plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, resins, paint driers, perfumes, and many other products. 

Solid particles have a distinct form, which can strongly affect their appearance, product quality and processing behaviour. Thus, in addition to chemical composition, particulate solids have to be additionally characterized by particle size and shape. Furthermore, particles can be generated at any point within the process. For example, nucleation occurs within a crystallization process and large particles are broken down to numerous smaller ones in a comminution process or within a drier. 

A paint rarely consists solely of pigment dispersed in a solution of a binder. For one reason or another, small quantities of ancillary materials called additives are included. The oldest and still the most important are the driers which are used in all air-drying and many stoving paints containing drying oils. They are organic salts of certain metals, notably cobalt, calcium, barium, zirconium and manganese, with lead very much in decline. 

Additives are present in a paint in small amounts (typically less than 5 wt %), but can have a marked effect on the paint properties. They include antifoam, antisettling, and antiskinning agents, can-corrosion inhibitors, driers, dispersion aids, and many more. Details of these can be found in many books (e.g. Lamboume and Strivens, 1999). 

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