Drainage system

Drainage systems inside the bund wall should be only be open when the outlet can be monitored to avoid hydrocarbon liquids run-off in the event of an unforeseen release of crude. 

Spills should be picked up before flushing thoroughly with water and neutralizing with soda ash or lime. The introduction of aluminum chloride into any drainage system results in the reduction of effluent pH, which can be adjusted using caustic soda or lime (11). 

The final composition of stream water is the product of the weathering reactions and related processes outlined above. However, the chemical processes are influenced and controlled by an intricate combination of environmental factors that are characteristic for each drainage system. Therefore, the composition of the bedrock in an area and the residual material left at the surface as soil and subsoil exert a strong influence on the chemical composition of mnoff from the area. The reactions of water with this material are the ultimate geological control and are the source of soluble weathering products. 

Sulfate concentration in streams and changes over time are discussed later in this article as one of the principal indices of human influences on stream water composition. Also, it will be shown that differences and similarities ia sulfate yields help in attaining a reasonable perspective on the importance of various hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of individual drainage systems. 

Design and maintain drainage system for trapped sections of vent lines... 

Runoff from areas where hazardous substances are or were used into storm water drainage systems... 

A paint shop may pollute the surroundings in two ways first, by acid and paint fumes that contaminate the inside of the plant and also pollute the outside environment second, by the discharge of the pre-treatment tanks and oversprayed paint that pollute the drainage system or where it is finally discharged. 

Improved Operating Procedures 11. Segregate process waste waters from stormwater systems. 12. Optimize the frequency of tank and equipment cleaning. 13. Prevent solids and oily wastes from entering the drainage system. 14. Establish and maintain an emergency preparedness and response plan. 

Once the team understands the drainage system, the enterprise can design an appropriate sampling and flow measurement program to monitor the wastewater flows and strengths from each unit operation. 

Records or describes engineering controls and safeguards at specific facilities Detection, fire suppression, and security systems containment and drainage systems and utility shutoffs. 

Another option is to use open filters, which are generally constructed in concrete. They are normally rectangular in configuration. The filter mass is posed on a filter bottom, provided with its own drainage system, including bores that are needed for the flow of filtered water as well as for countercurrent washing with water or air. 

The most important factor of a landfill is to build it properly so that the environment is not disturbed in any fashion. There are several components to the design of a environmentally friendly landfill. These components are that the landfill should be placed on a compacted low permeable medium, preferably a clay layer. This layer is then covered by a impermeable membrane which is then covered by a granular substance to act as a secondary drainage system. Layers upon layers are built up, while each layer is separated by a granular membrane. This is done over and over again until the entire... 

The purpose of the facilities described in this chapter is to provide for safe handling of various drainage materials and emergency streams, so that they may be safely routed to the sewer, tankage, flare, or other appropriate destination. Drainage systems specified herein ensure that flammable or toxic materials may be disposed of without hazard of fire or injury when equipment is taken out of service. Also described are systems to handle process water drawoffs, cooling water, and other aqueous effluent streams which may be contaminated with hydrocarbons, and which could otherwise create hazardous conditions if they were discharged directly to the sewer. 

The third line includes fixed fire protection systems (sprinklers, water sprays, or deluge systems, monitor guns, etc.), dikes, designed drainage systems, and other systems that control or iiiitigaic ha. ardous releases. 

Up to now, only the water treatment aspects relating to the efficient run ning of a plant have been covered. It is necessary to consider the discharge of the water from any cleaning process into the waterways or drainage systems, in order to ensure that statutory regulations are not violated. The following techniques are briefly considered ... 

Number of days since last accidental release of hazardous material. This measure distinguishes between routine emissions (such as from storage tank vents, or low pressure steam discharges) and accidental emissions resulting from maloperation or breakdown. Events that might count would be safety valve releases, accidental releases into inappropriate drainage systems and unconfmed spills during maintenance. 

Sewers and drains should provide safe and efficient removal of liquids. Tlie drainage system must provide sufficient capacity to prevent any likely flooding from severely damaging equipment. 

The output of a foul-water drainage system should discharge into a foul-water or combined drainage system (foul and surface water). Where such a drainage system is not conveniently available and cannot economically be extended to a site, other methods of foul-water disposal will be necessary, either a cesspool or a septic tank. 

Miles JRW, Harris CR. 1971. Insecticide residues in a stream and a controlled drainage system in agricultural areas of southwestern Ontario, 1970. Pestic Monit J 5 289-294. 

Floor drainage systems that allow spills to be collected... 

Surface drainage system capable of conducting runoff across the cap without rills and gullies Drainage layer design Thickness >1 ft... 

The drainage system for removing leachate or other aggressive liquids from landfills, surface impoundments, and waste piles is critically important. Even if a liner has no leaks, the phenomenon of molecular diffusion will allow some of the organics from the liquids ponded on top of the liner system to leach through the FML and the clay. The timely collection and removal of that leachate is at the heart of this section. 

---