Drainage system, facility

Records or describes engineering controls and safeguards at specific facilities Detection, fire suppression, and security systems containment and drainage systems and utility shutoffs. 

The purpose of the facilities described in this chapter is to provide for safe handling of various drainage materials and emergency streams, so that they may be safely routed to the sewer, tankage, flare, or other appropriate destination. Drainage systems specified herein ensure that flammable or toxic materials may be disposed of without hazard of fire or injury when equipment is taken out of service. Also described are systems to handle process water drawoffs, cooling water, and other aqueous effluent streams which may be contaminated with hydrocarbons, and which could otherwise create hazardous conditions if they were discharged directly to the sewer. 

When water suppression systems are provided, due concern should be made for the disposal of the released water. Of primary importance are the capacity and location of surface drainage systems. Fire water usage usually places greater demands on a facility gravity sewer system than rainfall or incidental petroleum spillage effects. 

Wastewaters may be collected in separate drainage systems (for process, sanitary, and storm water) althongh industrial and stormwater systems may in some cases be combined. In addition, ballast water from bulk crude tankers may be pnmped to receiving facilities at the refinery site prior to removal of floating oil in an interceptor and treatment as for other wastewater streams. 

It is common practice to equip a drainage system or sump with a pump to return the collected inventory to storage or process facilities. Alternatively, for certain toxic materials, the spill is sometimes altered chemically to a nonhazardous substance by draining the spillage to a basin filled with a neutralizing slurry where the reaction forms an insoluble sludge. For acids, in particular, soda ash, limestone, or weak caustic solutions may be used. The reacted product becomes a solid that is neutral and can be disposed of accordingly. 

At any moment all of the water in an aseptic manufacturing facility must be in the product, in the distribution system, or passing through the drains. Serious measures must be taken lo ensure that drainage systems do not become sources of microbiological contamination and proliferation. 

Information on authorized and accidental releases of Tc to terrestrial ecosystems or to freshwater drainage systems from large reprocessing facilities in the former USSR, e.g., Chelyabinsk (Ma-yak PA), Krasnoyarsk (KMCIC), or Tomsk (SCC) is not available. However, significant amovmt of Tc have been identified in ground water and artificial reservoirs associated with Techa River in the close vicinity of the Mayak PA. 

The procedure permits to choose the actions to be taken to protect the facilities. The risk manager is able to define their priority and the available resources in real-time. Obviously, actions to mitigate the impact of ash fallout on facilities should be previously stored into the GIS. Thus when the event occurs, the software gives back the adapted information as an example it is possible to underline the presence/absence of covers for sedimentation tanks to highlight which roads need to be swept and their priority, in order to avoid the clogging of drainage systems to quickly identify the location of the closest disposal sites. 

A.1(X)6. All auxiliary systems associated with the reactor process system and the experimental facilities, such as compressed air, process sampling and equipment and floor drainage systems, shall be discussed in this section. The discussion should include the design bases, a system description, a safety evaluation, testing and inspection requirements, and instrumentation requirements. 

Should the anticipated amount of ponding and/or (uncontrolled) surface runoff be considered unacceptable, then an artificial drainage system may be necessary. This usually comprises a number of special measures that can be taken to improve the infiltration and/or to control the ponding and surface runoff in order to transport the water to a suitable location where it can be discharged into open water (river, sea) without affecting surrounding facilities. 

This chapter covers the design of facilities to handle equipment drainage and contaminated aqueous effluents that are sent for appropriate disposal blowdown drum systems to receive closed safety valve discharges, emergency vapor blowdowns, etc. and facilities for process stream diversion and slop storage. Also covered are criteria for selecting the appropriate method of disposal. Design of flares is covered in a subsequent chapter. 

In conventional compressed air systems, vapor and liquid removal is limited. Most two-stage compressors will include an intercooler between stages. On air-cooled units for 100 to 200psig service, the air between stages is not cooled sufficiently to cause substantial liquid drop out and provision is not usually made for its removal. Water-cooled intercoolers used on larger compressors will usually cool sufficiently to condense considerable moisture at cooler pressure. Drainage facilities must always... 

The drainage materials for the liquid management system must allow for unimpeded flow of liquids for the intended lifetime of the facility. In a leachate collection system, the drains may consist of pipes, soil (gravel), geonets, or geocomposites. 

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