Double low

UV/visible 190-750 or 190-900 Perkin-Elmer Lambda 3 (microcomputer electronics) Double Low to High... 

Rapeseed oil Low-erucic rapeseed oil is now the third largest source of oil after soybean and palm. The seed contains over 40% of oil and this represents about 80% of the seed s commercial value. Seed breeders have developed seeds which produce oil low in erucic acid (<2%) and meal low in the undesirable sulfur-containing glucosinolates (i.e. double low varieties). This low-erucic oil (LEAR)... 

Filter elements z-Filter, Multiple quantum Filter, Single and Double Low-Pass Filter... 

In the early days of heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy, a gradient free version of the double low-pass filter was proposed [5.212, 5.213], but the necessity to suppress unwanted coherences, particularly in INADEQUATE experiments, has forced the design of a gradient version [5.214]. The application of this filter is not just restricted to INADEQUATE experiments it has also become the element of choice in ACCORD-HMBC and ACCORD-CIGAR-HMBC experiments to reduce residual one-bond correlations. These experiments are very sensitive to the suppression of one-bond... 

Check it 5.82.3 compares the numerically optimized double low-pass filter with the single low-pass filter from Check it 5.8.2.1. 

Load the file ch5823.cfg. Run a simulation with the numerically optimized delays for the double low-pass-filter. The value of iR) varies from... 

Cmolik, J., Davidek J., Pokomy, J. and Valisek, J. (1987) Changes of chemical composition during file processing of double-low rapeseed in Czechoslovakia, in Proceedings of the 7th Rapeseed... 

Drozdowski, B., Goraj-Moszara, I.E., Hazuka, Z., Zajac, M. and Pawlowicz, R. (1987) Contents of some minor components in raw double-low rapeseed oil and their transformations during refining, in Proceedings of the 7th International Rapeseed Congress, May 11-14, Poznan, Poland, pp. 1304-1309. 

Specialty Oil Profile Double-Low Rapeseed (Canola) Cultivar... 

Hundreds of additional B. napus and B. rapa double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have been developed and released in Canada since the 1970s. These new double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have incremental improvements in agronomic performance or seed quality. 

Two additional low-linolenic acid double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars with incremental improvements in agronomic performance, Apollo (Scarth et al. 1995) and Allons (Scarth et al. 1997), were developed and released by the University of Manitoba. There was limited commercial production of these low-linolenic acid, double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars in Canada. More recently, high-stability oil double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars that have low linolenic acid concentrations (<3%) and high oleic acid concentrations (>70%) have been developed. These new high-oleic acid, low-linolenic acid, high-stability oil, double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have competitive seed yields and are commercially successful (Canola Council of Canada 2008). 

All Canadian rapeseed double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars are susceptible to white mold (Thomas 1992). Selected Chinese rapeseed cultivars have field tolerance to sclerotinia, and crosses of these cultivars to Canadian cultivars are in progress to transfer this tolerance. 

Novel herbicide tolerance to a number of broad-spectrum herbicides, including bro-moxynil, glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, imidolozinones, and triazines, has been added to new rapeseed and double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars developed and released in Canada in recent years (McVetty and Zelmer 2007). These herbicide... 

Rapeseed and double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars in Canada have traditionally been open-pollinated population cultivars in both B. nap us and B. rapa. More recently, hybrid 5. napus double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have been developed and released in Canada. Most of these hybrids are also herbicide tolerant. Nearly 50% of double-low rapeseed (canola) production in Canada in 2005 was of hybrid B. napus types (Brandt and Clayton 2005). This proportion increases annually. 

February 2002 however, Bayer CropScience, the OXY 235 transgene patent holder at that time, decided to withdraw bromoxynil-tolerant double-low rapeseed (canola) and rapeseed from the Canadian market in April 2002. As a consequence, bromoxynil-tolerant HEAR cultivars were not commercialized in Canada. 

Rapeseed meal is a by-product of the production of rapeseed oil. In the past, in the Orient the meal was used principally as a fertilizer with limited amounts fed to animals. In Canada and Europe, the meal was fed to livestock but with severe restrictions on its use because of its antinutritional (goitrogenic) effects in animals. Since 1974, however, with the availability of low glucosinolate low erucic acid rapeseed (double low) in Canada (i.e., canola), the production and use of the meal has increased substantially. The same trend is now occurring in Europe with the availability of double low rapeseed. The meal derived from these two types of rapeseed, i.e., high and low in glucosinolates, is handled separately in commerce. 

Low erucic, low glucosinolate varieties are now under development or have been developed in France, West Germany, Denmark, and Sweden but with minor exceptions are not in commercial production. Over the next few years these new varieties can be expected to replace most of the single low rapeseed varieties and ensure a supply of high quality, low glucosinolate meals for their livestock industries. The development of double low rape-seed varieties is progressing much more slowly in the Eastern European countries. 

The modern rapeseed varieties known as canola are also termed "double low" because of the two above-mentioned characteristics. Presently the Canadian production of canola or "double low" varieties is testing about 2% erucic acid with the expectation of soon reaching 1% or less. Virtually all (90%) of the rapeseed now grown in Canada is of the canola type. 

The term canola, accentuating the excellent quality factors the plant breeders have introduced into canola seed, is a significant step forward in marketing. The nutritional content of double low canola seed is superior to the old varieties of rapeseed in respect to both the oil and meal. Since Canada is leading the world at the moment in the development of the double low varieties this gives her a distinct advantage in expanding market share for these products. 

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