Doppler ultrasonography

Early detection of ischemic stroke can be done with the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. In the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) study, screening with this method followed by transfusion significantly reduced the incidence of stroke.29 Screening is recommended in all patients over 2 years of age. 

Schwarze JJ, Sander D, Kukla C et al. (1999). Methodological parameters influence the detection of right-to-left shunts by contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Stroke 30 1234-1239... 

Frericks H, Kievit J, van Baalen JM et al. (1998). Carotid recurrent stenosis and risk of ipsilateral stroke a systematic review of the literature. Stroke 29 244-250 Gaunt ME, Naylor AR, Sayers RD et al. (1993). Sources of air embolisation during carotid surgery the role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. British Journal of Surgery 80 1121... 

D Alimonte, R, Cioni, G., Cristani, A., Ferrari, A., Ventura, E., Romag-noli, R. Duplex-Doppler ultrasonography in the assessment of portal hypertension. Utility of the measurement of maximum portal flow velocity. Radiology 1993 17 126—129... 

Platt, J.F., liUis, J.H., Rnbin, J.M., Merion, R.M., Lucey, M.R. Renal duplex Doppler ultrasonography a noninvasive predictor of kidney dysfunction and hepatorenal failure in liver disease. Hepatology 1994 20 362-369... 

Furuse, J., Maru, Y., Yoshino, M., Mera, K., Suml, H., Seklgnchl, R., Sataka, M., Hasebe, T., Ochlal, A. Assessment of arterial tumor vascularity in small hepatocellular carcinoma. Comparison between color Doppler ultrasonography and radiographic imagings with contrast medium dynamic CT, angiography, and CT hepatic arteriography. Eur. J. Radiol. 2000 36 20-27... 

Sato, T., Yamazaki, K., Toyota, J., Karino, Y., Ohmnra, T., Snga, T. Evaluation of hemodynamics in esophageal varices. Value of endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography with a galactose-based contrast agent. Hepatol. Res. 2003 25 55—61... 

Brauer, P. Standi, T. Wilhelm, S. Burmeister, M.-A. Schulte am Esch, J. Transcranial doppler ultrasonography mean flow velocity during infusion of ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin. J. Neurosurg. Anesthes 1998, 10 (3), 146-152. 

Krai MC, Brown RT, Nietert PJ, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and neurocognitive functioning in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatrics 2003 112 324-331. 

Adams RJ, McKie VC, Hsu L, et al. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on tran-scranial doppler ultrasonography. N Engl J Med 1998 339 5-11. 

IMS 11 subjects treated with the EKOS catheter and IMS 1 subjects treated with the standard microcatheter demonstrated grade 2-3 recanalization rates at the specific site of arterial occlusion of 73% (24/33) in EKOS-treated subjects vs. 56% (33/59) in standard microcatheter-treated subjects (p=0.11) [57]. This device is being further investigated in the randomized IMS 111 trial. Likewise, enhanced fibrinolysis with intravenous rt-PA can be achieved with the use of continuous 2-MHz transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (CLOTBUST trial) [58]. 

Sloan, M. A., Alexandrov, A. V., Tegeler, C. H., et al. (2004) Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Assessment transcranial Doppler ultrasonography report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. 

Kong MS, Wong HF, Lin SL et al (1997) Factors related to detection of blood flow by color Doppler ultrasonography in intussusception. J Ultrasound Med 16 141-144 Koplewitz BZ, Daneman A (1999) The lateral view a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of malrotation. Pediatr Radiol 29 144-145... 

Quillin SP, Siegel MJ (1994) Gastrointestinal inflammation in children color Doppler ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med 13 751-756... 

Maconi G, Sampietro GM, Cristaldi M et al (2001) Preoperative characteristics and postoperative behaviour of bowel wall on risk of recurrence after conservative surgery in Crohn s disease. A prospective study. Ann Surg 233 345-352 Maconi G, Sampietro GM, Russo A et al (2002) The vascularity of internal fistulae in Crohn s disease an in vivo power Doppler ultrasonography assessment. Gut 50 496-500... 

Yekeler E, Danalioglu A, Movasseghi B et al (2005) Crohn disease activity evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography of the superior mesenteric artery and the affected small-bowel segments. J Ultrasound Med 24 59-65... 

Hata K, Hata A, Maruyama R, Hirai M (1997) Uterine sarcoma can it be differentiated from uterine leiomyomas with Doppler ultrasonography A preliminary report. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 9 101-104... 

In this chapter the normal appearance of penile anatomical structures at ultrasound will be described, both while flaccid and during erection. Specific topics discussed will be ultrasound appearance of the corporal bodies and penile envelopes, visibility of normal penile vessels at color Doppler ultrasonography and normal changes of Doppler spectra during the onset of erection. 

Variations in penile arterial anatomy are observed in up to 83% of patients (Jarow et al. 1993) and are commonly recognized at color Doppler ultrasonography (Chiou et al. 1999). Power Doppler investigation can be useful to improve depiction of small vessels with slow flow. 

Broderick GA, Arger P (1993) Duplex Doppler ultrasonography noninvasive assessment of penile anatomy and function. Semin Roentgenol 28 43-56... 

Grey-scale and color-Doppler ultrasonographies are the most widely used, non-invasive and readily available imaging modalities for diagnostic purposes in studying erectile dysfunction (Lehmann et al. 1996). In fact, after clinical examination, it is the first tool in imaging algorithms used for the evaluation of the anatomic and functional status of the penis and of the penile vessels in patients who complain of erectile problems (NIH 1993). 

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