Divider instantaneous

The results of thermal building-dynamics simulation are generally referred to by zone level. They can be divided into instantaneous results and summary results. 

Crystallization takes place when the solute slowly comes out of solution as crystals, perhaps as the solvent evaporates. For example, salt crystals that form when water evaporates line the shores of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. In precipitation, a solute comes out of solution so rapidly that a single crystal does not have time to form. Instead, the solute forms a finely divided powder called a precipitate. Precipitation is often almost instantaneous (Fig. G.4). 

In everyday life, a rate is defined as the change in a property divided by the time that it takes for that change to take place. For instance, the speed of an automobile, the rate of change of its position, is defined as distance traveled divided by the time taken. We get the average speed if we divide the length of the journey by the total time for the journey we get the instantaneous speed by reading the speedometer at some point on its journey. In chemistry, we express rates in terms of... 

FIGURE 13.4 The rate ol reaction is the change in concentration of a reactant (or product) divided by the time interval over which the change occurs (the slope of the line AB, for instance). The instantaneous rate is the slope of the tangent to the curve at the time of interest. 

Because an instantaneous rate is a derivative of concentration with respect to time, we can use the techniques of integral calculus to find the change in [A] as a function of time. First, we divide both sides by A and multiply through by — dt ... 

Turbulent flow reactors are modeled quite differently from laminar flow reactors. In a turbulent flow field, nonzero velocity components exist in all three coordinate directions, and they fluctuate with time. Statistical methods must be used to obtain time average values for the various components and to characterize the instantaneous fluctuations about these averages. We divide the velocity into time average and fluctuating parts ... 

The collisions that take place at the times x represent the effects of many real collisions in the system.1 These effective collisions are carried out as follows.2 The volume V is divided into Nc cells labeled by cell indices Each cell is assigned at random a rotation operator 6v chosen from a set Q of rotation operators. The center of mass velocity of the particles in cell , is Vj = AT1 JTJj v where is the instantaneous number of particles in the cell. The postcollision velocities of the particles in the cell are then given by... 

From both the time-dependent plot and the time-independent projection, it is clear that the transition path crosses the space-fixed dividing surface qu = 0 several times. These crossings are indicated by thick green dots. As expected, therefore, the fixed surface is not free of recrossings and thus does not satisfy the fundamental requirement for an exact TST dividing surface. The moving surface, by contrast, is crossed only once, at the reaction time head = 8.936 that is marked by the blue cut. The solid blue line in this cut shows the instantaneous position of the dividing surface dotted lines indicate coordinate axes. 

Models can be divided into static, dynamic, and interactive parts dealing with, respectively, what is known about an object at any one moment, how this information changes dynamically with events, and how objects interact with one another. This chapter discusses the static part of a model, in which you characterize the state of an object by describing the information known about it at any point in time. It uses the type model diagram to capture the static model and snapshot diagrams to show instantaneous configurations of object state. 

When dash pot and spring elements are connected in parallel they simulate the simplest mechanical representation of a viscoelastic solid. The element is referred to as a Voigt or Kelvin solid, and it is shown in Fig. 3.10(c). The strain as a function of time for an applied force for this element is shown in Fig. 3.11. After a force (or stress) elongates or compresses a Voigt solid, releasing the force causes a delay in the recovery due to the viscous drag represented by the dash pot. Due to this time-dependent response the Voigt model is often used to model recoverable creep in solid polymers. Creep is a constant stress phenomenon where the strain is monitored as a function of time. The function that is usually calculated is the creep compliance/(f) /(f) is the instantaneous time-dependent strain e(t) divided by the initial and constant stress o. ... 

When reaction between gas and solid is fast enough so that any volume element of reactor contains only one or other of the two reactants, but not both, then we may consider reaction to be instantaneous. This extreme is approached in the high temperature combustion of finely divided solids. 

Section III entitled "One- Dimensional, Steady-- State Reaction Waves with Instantane -ous Reaction a comprehensive description divided into the following subsections ... 

Accdg to MUNIZIONAMENTO ITALIANO (AddnlRef C), projectile fuzes may be divided by their location into spolette anteriori (Nose Fuzes) and spolette posteriori (Base Fuzes) and in terms of operation into instantenee (Instantaneous), ordinarie (Regular) and ritardate (Delay)... 

Remark. When U is a field strength one may regard UU as an instantaneous intensity I (ignoring for the moment that it should be divided by T). Its moments are the same as those of UU. However, the cumulants are not the same because their definition depends on whether UU is regarded as a product of two quantities or as a single quantity /. For example,... 

Power is defined as the rale at which work Is performed. The average power accomplished by an agent during a given period of time is equal to the total work performed by the agent during the period, divided by the length of the time interval. The instantaneous power can be expressed simplv as... 

If we now reconsider the general situation shown in Figure 4.1, we can determine the instantaneous rate of change by examining the limiting behaviour of the ratio, QR/PR, the change in y divided by the change in x, as Ax tends to zero ... 

Expls utilized in gassy or dusty coal mines are divided into a)Explosifs couche and b)Explosifs couche ameliores. The former may only be fired with instantaneous detonators and their charge limit is 500g for shots in coal layer and lOOOg for shots in rock. 

An instantaneous pulse of tracer is injected into the stream entering the vessel. The outlet response, normalised by dividing the measured concentration C by A , the area under the concentration-time curve, is called the C-curve . 

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