Diseases atherosclerosis

M. Nordstrom and T. Kjellstrom, Age dependency of cystathione beta-synthase activity in human fibroblasts in homocysteinemia and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 94, 213-221 (1992). 

Murr C, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Schroecksnadel K, Maritschnegg M, Mangge H, Bohm BO, Winkelmann BR, Marz M and Fuchs D. 2009. Inverse association between serum concentrations of neopterin and antioxidants in patients with and without angiographic coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. In press. 

A3. Abe, A., Noma, A., Lee, Y. J., and Yamaguchi, H., Studies on apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes. Part 2. Phenotype frequencies and Lp(a) concentrations in different phenotypes in patients with angiographically defined coronary artery diseases. Atherosclerosis (Shannon. Irel.) 96, 9-15 (1992). 

Ross R. Mechanisms of disease-atherosclerosis-an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999 340 115-126. 

Asztalos BE, Brousseau ME, McNamara JR, Horvath KV, Roheim PS, Schaefer EJ (2001) Subpopulations of high density lipoproteins in homozygous and heterozygous Tangier disease. Atherosclerosis 156 217-225... 

Nabel, E.G. (1995) Gene therapy for vascular diseases. Atherosclerosis, 118 (Suppl.), S51-S56. 

Ordovas JM, Civeira F, Genest J, Jr et al. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein A-I, C-III, A-IV gene locus. Relationships with lipids, apolipopro-teins, and premature coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 1991, 87 75-86. 

Seljeflot I, Tonstad S, Hjermann I, Arnesen H, Reduced expression of endothelial cell markers after I year treatment with simvastatin and atorvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease, Atherosclerosis 2002 162 179-1 85,... 

D4. De Backer, G., Rossenau, M., and Deslypere, J. P., Discriminative value of lipids and apoproteins in coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 42, 197-203 (1982). 

T9. Toth, L., and Koenig, W., Hypoalpha-hyperbeta-lipoproteinemia in a patient with coronary artery disease and occlusive peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 42,121-124... 

Kidney disease, pregnancy Peripheral vascular disease (atherosclerosis in the leg arteries)... 

Coronary vascular disease Atherosclerosis Hypertension Occlusion of veins... 

Jarvisalo MJ, Toikka JO, Vasankari T, Mikkola J, Viikari JS, et al. 1999. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are related to improved systemic endothelial function in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 147 237M2... 

Kukita H, Hiwada K, Kokubu T. Serum apolipopro-tein A-I, A-II and B levels and their discriminative values in relatives of patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1984 51 261-7. 

An abundance of food has obvious consequences it promotes our specific appetites. Lipids account for about 40% of the calories ingested in Western countries, whereas nutritional recommendations are 5-10% lower. This excessive lipid intake, associated with a qualitative imbalance (excess of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, too high to6/to3 ratio) strongly favours the development of obesity and associated diseases (atherosclerosis, non insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, cancer). This attraction to fatty foods is not specific to humans. Rats and mice spontaneously prefer lipid-rich foods if provided with a free choice (Tsuruta et al. 1999 Takeda et al. 2000). This attraction to lipids is so strong that mice given free access to an oil as an optional diet rapidly become obese (Takeda et al. 2001a). The origin of this preference for lipids remains unclear. 

Rothe G, Herr A S, Stohr J, et al. (1999) A more mature phenotype of blood mononuclear phagocytes is induced by fluvastatin treatment in hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 144 251-261... 

In the USA EDTA has been widely used for more than 30 years and some 100000 patients have been treated with over 2 million injections, often to remove the calcium-containing plaques which clog up the arteries in the prevalent disease atherosclerosis. More than 5000 references to EDTA therapy are to be found in the literature. 

Anderson HC, Mulhall D, Garimella R (2010) Role of extracellular membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, renal diseases, atherosclerosis, and arthritis. Lab Invest 90 1549-1557... 

Lipid homeostasis, Cholesterol biosynthesis HMG-CoA reductase, SCAP, SREBP, ACAT-1, ACAT-2, ACACA, ACACB, LXR-a, DGATl, LDLR, LRP2, ABCAl Hyperlipidemia, Dys-lipidemia, Obesity, Alzheimer s, Coronary heart disease, Atherosclerosis... 

Even though some of the diseases affect primarily the heart and others the vascular system, they cannot be divorced from each other. This obvious interdependence makes a unified view imperative. One of the major diseases, atherosclerosis (typically accompanied by high blood pressure), affects and ultimately damages the heart, kidneys, and other organs. 

Mackness, B. et al. High C-reactive protein and low paraoxonasel in diabetes as risk factors for coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 186 (2006a) 396 01. 

Atherogenesis is the process by which atherosclerotic plaques form, a critical step in the disease, atherosclerosis. 

Lee S-J, Moye LA, Campos H, et al. Hypertri-glyceridaemia but not diabetic status is associated with VLDL containing apolipoprotein CIII in patients with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis. 2003 167 293-302. 

---