Diesel direct injection

Figure 7.5. Vehicle speed and exhaust gas flow rate evolutions for the NEDC and US06 cycle for a 2.21 Diesel direct injection engine.

CAES corporate average emission standard CIDDI compression ignition diesel direct injection CRDDI Common Rail diesel direct injection CVD chemical vapor deposition DOC diesel oxidation catalyst DPF diesel particulate filter... 

Diesel direct injection system Common Rail... 

The sources of particulate matter in the atmosphere can be primary, directly injected into the atmosphere, or secondary, formed in the atmosphere by gas-to-particle conversion processes (13). The primary sources of fine particles are combustion processes, e.g., power plants and diesel... 

Pressure-volume curve illustration for a turbocharged and direct-injected high-speed heavy-duty four-stroke diesel cycle engine. 

Rayri, F., et al., CFD modeling of the in-cylinder flow in direct-injection diesel engines. Comput. Fluids, 2004. 33(8) 995-1021. 

Typical re-entrant piston-bowl design for a small, high-speed direct-injection Cl engine. (From Kook, S., Bae, C., Miles, P.C., Choi, D., Bergin, M., and Reitz, R.D., The Effect of Swirl Ratio and Fuel Injection Parameters on CO emission and Fuel Conversion Efficiency for High-Dilution, Low-Temperature Combustion in an Automotive Diesel Engine, SAE, 2006-01-019 2006. With permission.)... 

Assanis, D. N., FiUpi, Z. S., Fiveland, S. B., and Syrimis, M., A methodology for cycle-by-cycle transient heat release analysis in a turbocharged direct injection diesel engine, SAE, 2000, 2000-01-1185—SAE Transactions, Journal of Engines, 109(3), 1327-1339. 

Siebers, D. and Higgins, B., Elame Lift-Off on Direct Injection Diesel Sprays under Quiescent Conditions, SAE, 2001-01-0530,2001. 

Fig. 8 Engine-out exhaust PM results from tests of several fuels at fixed speed/load conditions of an advanced, high-speed, direct injection diesel engine. Adapted from ref. 41.

Direct hydration, of ethylene, 10 538 Direct hydrogenation, 6 827 Direct immunosensors, 14 154 Direct ingot (dingot) method, 25 409 Direct initiation, 14 270 Direct injection (DI) diesel engines, 12 421 Direct inlet injection, gas chromatography, 6 383, 415-416 Directional couplers, 17 446 Directional drilling techniques, in sulfur extraction, 23 572 Directive 89/107/EEC (EU), 12 36 Direct liquefaction, 6 827 Direct marketing, technical service personnel and, 24 343 Direct metal nitridation, 17 211-213 aerosol flow reactor, 17 211-212 Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC),... 

The new cars on the road in the future are likely to be a mix of vehicles including those with electric/ hybrid drive. This would include battery EVs, hybrids with direct-injection diesels, turbo generators and fuel cells. 

Daimler-Benz has accumulated data on NECAR III emissions with a dynamometer programmed for a mix of urban and suburban driving. The results were promising since there were zero emissions for nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide, and extremely low hydrocarbon emissions of only. 0005 per gram per mile. NECAR III did produce significant quantities of carbon dioxide similar to the emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine where the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber. Direct-injection produces less combustion residue and unburned fuel. 

DCL DDGS DEFC DICI DISI DME DMFC DOE DP DPF Direct coal liquefaction Distillers dried grains with solubles Direct ethanol fuel cell Direct-injection compression ignition Direct-injection spark ignition Dimethylether Direct methanol fuel cell Department of Energy (USA) Dynamic programming Diesel particulate filter... 

For example, if gasoline is suspected to be the sole contaminant, the method will use purge-and-trap sample introduction. If higher-boiling petroleum fractions (diesel, middle distillates, motor oil) are the contaminants, the analysis will use direct injection and hotter oven temperatures. Mixtures or unknown contamination may require both volatile range and extractable range analyses. Alternatively, a single injection can be used to analyze the entire sample, but the extraction method must not use a solvent evaporation step. 

Fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters derived from vegetable oils are valuable compounds for the production of fine chemicals for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. Moreover, they are considered to be a promising fuel for direct injection diesel engines. The classical method of fatty acid methyl and ethyl ester (FAME)... 

Fuels used in marine applications are quite diverse in their properties. Low-viscosity distillate fuels and high-viscosity residual fuels can both be considered marine fuels. The applications, though, would differ and could include use in direct injected diesel engines, boilers, and gas turbines. Also, high-speed, medium-speed, and slow-speed engines can be found in marine applications. 

Dimethyl ether was first proposed as an alternative fuel for direct-injected (DI) diesel applications in 1995. Since that time, engine testing has shown DME to be as effective as CNG, LPG, and methanol in producing low levels of engine exhaust emissions. Results of an engine study completed in Austria using a Navistar V8 diesel engine are provided in TABLE 12-13. 

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