Kapok seed

Kapok seed oil [Ceiba pentandra (Eriodendron anfractuosum) and Bombax malarbaricum (Indian kapok) Bombacaceae]... 

Bianchini, J.-P., Ralaimanarivo, A. and Gaydou, E. M. (1981) Determination of cyclopropenoic and cyclopropanoic fatty acids in cottonseed and kapok seed oils by gas-liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem., 53, 2194-201. 

Most workers have preferred to prepare stable derivatives prior to analysis. For example, cyclopropene fatty acids can be subjected to hydrogenation, or reaction with silver nitrate [449] or methanethiol [746]. Silver nitrate in anhydrous methanol reacts with cyclopropene rings in about 2 hours at 30 C to form predominantly methoxy ether but with some enonic derivatives, which appear as twin peaks (because of reaction on either side of the ring) on analysis by GC [99,241,281]. An application of this procedure to the analysis of kapok seed oil is illustrated in Figure 5.14. Alternatively, a brief reaction with hydrazine will selectively reduce the cyclopropene compounds to the more stable cyclopropanes by examination by GC before and after the reaction, the small amounts of natural cyclopropane components can also be identified [194]. 

Figure 5.14. Analysis of kapok seed oil methyl esters after reaction with silver nitrate in anhydrous methanol, on a glass WCOT column coated with Carbowax 20M, maintained at 190°C with hydrogen as carrier gas [99]. Abbreviations 18 CA, dihydromalvalic acid 19 CA, dihydrosterculic acid 18 CM, methoxy derivatives of malvalic acid 19 CM, methoxy derivatives of sterculic acid 18 CC, enone derivatives of malvalic acid 19 CC, enone derivatives of sterculic acid. (Reproduced by kind permission of the authors and of Analytical Chemistry, and redrawn from the original paper).

Mesra, J., 2007. The Influence Kapok Seed (Ceiba pentandra) Biodiesel Euel on a Direct Injection Diesel Engine. Bachelor Final Project in Mechanical Engineering Dept., Institut Teknologi Bandung (in Indonesian). 

Fibers (see Fibers, survey) used in textile production can have a wide variety of origins plants, ie, ceUulosic fibers (see Fibers, cellulose esters) animals, ie, protein fibers (see Wool) and, in the twentieth century, synthetic polymers. Depending on the part of the plant, the ceUulosic fibers can be classified as seed fibers, eg, cotton (qv), kapok bast fibers, eg, linen from flax, hemp, jute and leaf fibers, eg, agave. Protein fibers include wool and hair fibers from a large variety of mammals, eg, sheep, goats, camels, rabbits, etc, and the cocoon material of insect larvae (sUk). Real sUk is derived from the cocoon of the silkworm, Bombjx mori and for a long time was only produced in China, from which it was traded widely as a highly valuable material. 

The first category of vegetable fiber is of seed-hair fibers, which includes cotton, kapok, flosses obtained from seeds, seedpods, and the inner walls of fruit. 

Seed/Fruit—cotton, kapok, and coir (from coconut husks)... 

Kapok, light fibre from the seed pods of the kapok tree Ceiba pentan-dra). 

Fiber, vegetable Different vegetable fibers are used in RPs, etc. They include (1) seed-hair-cotton, kapok, milkweed floss (2) bast-flax, hemp, jute, ramie and (3) leaf-abaca, sisal. 

A number of tropical trees in the Bombax family, of which C pentandra is the most commercialized, bear seed pods which contain fibre which finds use as a stuffing material. The seeds, a by-product of kapok fibre production, contain an oil resembling cottonseed oil (Earl and Jones, 1962). The oil is obtained by crushing followed by solvent extraction. In the past it has been refined to produce an edible oil. This should not be permitted because of possible toxic effects arising from the presence of cyclopropene... 

Fibers collected from seeds or seed cases, e.g. cotton and kapok Fibers collected from leaves, e.g. fique, sisal, banana and agave Fibers are collected from the skin or bast surrounding the stem of their respective plant. These fibers have higher tensile strength than other fibers. Therefore, these fibers are used for durable yam, fabric, packaging, and paper. Some examples are flax, jute, kenaf, industrial hemp, ramie, rattan, and vine fibers. 

Seed hair fibers cotton, kapok, and coir which are obtained from seeds and the... 

There are several different classifications in terms of plant fibers. While the classification of Nishino [59] includes seven groups as bast (soft) fibers (flax, hemp, jute), leaf (hard) fibers (sisal, abaca, pineapple, etc.), stem fibers (bamboo, banana stalk, corn stalk), fruit fibers (coconut), seed fibers (cotton, baobab, kapok), straw fibers (rice, wheat, corn), and others (seaweeds, palm), that of Faruk et al. [3] has six groups bast fibers (jute, flax, hemp), leaf fibers (abaca, sisal and pineapple), seed fibers (coir, cotton and kapok), core fibers (kenaf, hemp and jute), grass and reed fibers (wheat, corn and rice) and all other types (wood and roots). 

Leaf fibers Pineapple, Banana, Sisal, Pine, Abaca (Manila hemp), Curaua, Agaves, Cabuja, Henequen, Date-palm, African palm. Raffia, New Zealand flax, Isora Seed (hairs) fibers Cotton, Kapok, Coir, Baobab, Milkweed Stalk fibers Bamboo, Bagasse, Banana stalk, Cork stalk Fruit fibers Coconut, Oil palm Wood fibers Hardwood, Softwood... 

Kapok ka- pak [Malay] (ca. 1750) n. Short, lightweight cotton-like fibers from the seed pod of trees of the family Bombacabeae. A very brittle fiber, it is generally not spun. It is used for stuffing cushions, mattresses, etc., and for life jackets because of its buoyancy and moisture resistance. Kadolph SJJ, Langford AL (2001) Textiles. Pearson Education, New York. Vincenti R (1994) Elsevier s textile dictionary. Elsevier Science and Technology Books, New York. 

Kapok oil is produced from a tree which is extensively grown in the East and West Indies. The Dutch have placed it on the market and the figures given by Henriques Ghem. Zeit, 17, 1283) and Philippe (Monit. Scient 1902, 730), although varying somewhat, show the oil to be similar to cotton-seed oil. 

Natural fibers vary widely in chemical composition, stmcture, and dimension and are obtained from different parts of the plants. Natural fibers, such as jute, ramie, flax, kenaf, and hemp are obtained from the stem abaca, sisal, banana and pineapple from the leaf cotton, coir, and kapok from the seed grass, and reed fibers (com, rice, and wheat) [4]. Climatic conditions, age, and fiber extraction... 

---