Dimethyl ammonium salts

Another significant use for dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salts and alkylhenzyl dimethyl ammonium salts is in preparing organoclays for use as drilling muds, paint thickeners, and lubricants. 

For the cationic surfactants, the available HPLC detection methods involve direct UV (for cationics with chromophores, such as benzylalkyl-dimethyl ammonium salts) or for compounds that lack UV absorbance, indirect photometry in conjunction with a post-column addition of bromophenol blue or other anionic dye [49], refractive index [50,51], conductivity detection [47,52] and fluorescence combined with postcolumn addition of the ion-pair [53] were used. These modes of detection, limited to isocratic elution, are not totally satisfactory for the separation of quaternary compounds with a wide range of molecular weights. Thus, to overcome the limitation of other detection systems, the ELS detector has been introduced as a universal detector compatible with gradient elution [45]. 

Sphingomyelin, DCDG , dihexadecyl phosphate, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts... 

Brown has studied the thiation of alkenes in dimethylformamide in detail using both aromatic and aliphatic substituted alkenes. In all cases dimethyl-ammonium salts of the thiolate were isolated32 (e.g., 19). Sulfuration of aroyl-substituted ethylenes results in aroyl-substituted l,2-dithiole-3-thiones33,34 (e.g., 20 - 21). 

Ammonium xylenesulfonate Ammonium xylene-sulphonate Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, ammonium salt EINECS 247-710-9 Eltesol AX 40 Hartotrope AXS Naxonale 4AX Stepanate AXS Xylenesulfonic acid, ammonium salt Hydrotrope, cloud point depressant, stabilizer, solubilizer used in formulating detergents, inks, electroplating baths, dyestuffs, polymers. Albright Wilson UK Ltd. Hart Prod. Ruetgers-Nease Stepan Canada Stepan. 

CAS 26447-10-9 EINECS/ELINCS 247-710-9 Synonyms Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, ammonium salt Definition Ammonium salt of ring sulfonated mixed xylene isomers Empirical C HioOsS H,N Properties Sol. in water m.w. 203.26 anionic Toxicology Chronic toxicity or skin effects are not known narcotic in high doses TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. 

Ammonium xylenesulfonate CAS 26447-10-9 EINECS/ELINCS 247-710-9 Synonyms Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, ammonium salt... 

Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, ammonium salt. See Ammonium xylenesulfonate Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-[[3-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl) azo]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl] azo]-, monosodium salt. See Acid orange 24 D C Brown No. 1... 

Phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin. OCDG, dihexadecyl phosphate, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts... 

The water solubility of quaternaries primarily depends on the nature of R substituents (hydrophobic chain lengths, polarity, etc.). Quaternaries carrying two or more long hydro-phobic chains have very poor water solubility. On the other hand, iST-alkyltrimethyl ammonium salts and short-chain dialkyl or alkyl/aryl (e.g., benzylalkyl) dimethyl ammonium salts often show much better solubility. 

Moleculady mixed composites of montmorillonite clay and polyimide which have a higher resistance to gas permeation and a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than ordinary polyimides have been produced (60). These polyimide hybrids were synthesized using montmorillonite intercalated with the ammonium salt of dodecylamine. When polymerized in the presence of dimethyl acetamide and polyamic acid, the resulting dispersion was cast onto glass plates and cured. The cured films were as transparent as polyimide. 

The nitrogen of aHphatic and aromatic amines is alkylated rapidly by alkyl sulfates yielding the usual mixtures. Most tertiary amines and nitrogen heterocycles are converted to quaternary ammonium salts, unless the nitrogen is of very low basicity, eg, ia tn phenylamine. The position of dimethyl sulfate-produced methylation of several heterocycles with more than one heteroatom has been examined (22). Acyl cyanamides can be methylated (23). Metal cyanates are converted to methyl isocyanate or ethyl isocyanate ia high yields by heating the mixtures (24,25). 

Berberilic acid, CgoHjgOgN, m.p. 177-82°, is dibasic, and furnishes a dimethyl ester, m.p. 173°. When heated to about 180°, the acid passes into ANHYDROBERBERiLic ACID, CjgHjjOgN, colourless needles, m.p. 236°, soluble in alkali carbonate solutions with the formation of berberilates. When ammonium berberilate is dried under reduced pressure, a molecular proportion of ammonia is lost with the formation of the ammonium salt of the anhydro-acid, from which other salts, and the methyl ester, m.p. 178°, have been obtained. Berberilic acid is hydrolysed by hot dilute sulphuric acid to hemipinic acid (I) and oi-aminoethylpiperonylic acid (II), large tabular crystals, m.p. 180-2°. Berberilic acid is therefore represented by (III). 

Quaternary ammonium salts of pyrrolines 106) can be prepared only indirectly 197). Addition of bromine to l-dimethylamino-4-pentene followed by removal of hydrogen bromide afforded, depending upon the dehydrohalogenation conditions, quaternary bromides derived from either l,2-dimethyl-/f -pyrroline (107) or l-methyl-2-methylenepyrrolidine (108) (Scheme 7). 

An explanation of the exclusive N methylation of 1,2-dimethyl-J -piperi-deine by means of methyliodide is more difficult. Pyrrolines and piperideines which are not alkylated on the nitrogen atom afford only quaternary ammonium salts on alkylation (203-205), for example 119. 

A new ionic polymeric polycarbamate was synthesized after steps of polyurethane chemistry using 3-iso-cyanatemethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxyhexane, 1,6-butanediol, 2,4-tolylenediisocyanate, and N,N -bis(j3-Hydroxy-ethyOpiperazine [27]. Modification of the nitrogen of the piperazine ring into quaternary ammonium salt by treatment with methyliodide gave the MPI high electroconductivity. 

Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by transesterification of ethylene carbonate and methanol using quaternary ammonium salt catalysts... 

Quaternary ammonium salts (Cio to Cig alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) added in 40 ppm and 2% of sodium chloride effect an increase in the strength of the cement rock and the adhesion properties by 50% to 80% [1769]. 

Quaternary ammonium salts of 1-acryloy 1-4-methyl piperazine can be prepared by methylation with methyl chloride and dimethyl sulfate. These monomers can be polymerized by means of radical polymerization, either alone or with a comonomer [617]. A useful comonomer with appropriate monomer reactivity ratios is acrylamide. 

Secondary amines, such as pyrrolidine, must be alkylated with care too polar a solvent leads to participation of a second nearby polymer-bound alkylant in the formation of a quaternary ammonium salt, along with the desired immobilized trialkyl amine. The exception, as seen above, is diisopropylamine, which refuses to displace tosylate even in the refluxing pure amine, or in hot dimethyl-formamide or other polar solvent, while metal diisopropylamide is notorious as a powerful non-nucleophilic base. However, carboxamide is not difficult to form from (carboxymethyl)polystyrene, again using toluenesulfonyl chloride as condensing agent this can then be reduced to (diisopropyl-ethylaminoethyl)polystyrene, which is of interest as a polymer-bound non-nucleophilic base. ... 

Nickel and Weber [30] reported aqueous titrations of carboxylic acids, phenols, acidic drugs containing NH groups, cationic acids (ammonium salts) in dimethyl-formamide solution against 0.1 M potassium hydroxide aqueous solution as the... 

Basset and co-workers (91) found that amino olefins such as allyl amine and the /V.N-dimethyl derivative failed to undergo metathesis, but that unsaturated quaternary ammonium salts were active at 25°C with zero-valent tungsten and molybdenum catalysts when activated with molecular oxygen. Molar ratios of olefin/(mesitylene)W(CO)3/C2H5AlCl2/02 and olefin/Mo(NO)2Cl2[P(Ph)3]/C2H5AlCl2 were 20/1/24/80 and 20/1/24, respectively. Yields were in the 8-23% range. 

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