Digital type

Case Amount c Subtracted Digits Typed in Number of Significant Digits... 

Single-channel pipets are used to deliver single volumes of solution, particularly for small volumes. These can be the vernier or digital type, fixed or variable volumes. 

A third parameter is chosen to qualify the different classes of coal volatile matter for anthracitic coals dilatation for semianthracite and bituminous coals and calorific value for subbituminous coal and lignite. The scheme is expressed by mean of a code number of four digits, which refers to the rank (first digit), type (second and third digits), and qualification (fourth digit) of coal (Uribe and Perez, 1985). 

Font Format Standard specification for how fonts are designed. The three major font formats used in digital type are PostScript, TrueType, and OpenType. 

Most of the controls used today in injection molding are aimed at controlling the process rather than the event. For example, rate of fill, pressure, and temperature can be controlled by some sort of analog or analog digital type system, reading either pressure, temperature, position, and/or other variables. Cavity pressure is measured in many systems. 

Numerals and digits Type of steel and nominal alloy content (wt%)... 

To check the stability of the device, the I-V measurements were taken for three consecutive cycles as shown in fig. 15. All the cycles are pinched to zero current at zero voltage. The overlap of the cycles can be attributed to the good stability of the device. I-V measurements clearly indicate that the device is of analog type [110]. Whereas for the digital type memory, the switching between the off and on states is sharp and fast. 

For the practical implementation of the above mentioned facts, the portable electronic digital coercive force meter with self-contained power supply, attached converter and closed type magnetic core. Instrument error is 5 %. ... 

P ) The system BAS 2000 (bio-imaging analyser) from Fuji Film. The system included flexible IP s, in a 20 X 40 cm and 20 X 25 cm format (type BAS ni) and an IP without proteetive layer (BAS-TR2040). With the system s laser scanner (flat bed) one can read these IP s with a resolution of 100 pm or 200 pm and a digital dynamie of 8 or 10 bits. The system is not on the market anymore. 

The specific advantage of this technique is its higher sensitivity than classical film radiography and the potential for automated image processing due to the digital read-out of the IP s. Former investigations have shown / / that the available IP s achieve the same contrast like NDT films with an IP type and scanner dependent unsharpness. 

The simplest use of an NMR spectnim, as with many other branches of spectroscopy, is for quantitative analysis. Furthennore, in NMR all nuclei of a given type have the same transition probability, so that their resonances may be readily compared. The area underneath each isolated peak in an NMR spectnim is proportional to the number of nuclei giving rise to that peak alone. It may be measured to 1% accuracy by digital integration of the NMR spectnim, followed by comparison with the area of a peak from an added standard. 

We are all familiar with tire tliree states of matter gases, liquids and solids. In tire 19tli century the liquid crystal state was discovered [1 and 2] tliis can be considered as tire fourtli state of matter [3].The essential features and properties of liquid crystal phases and tlieir relation to molecular stmcture are discussed here. Liquid crystals are encountered in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) in digital watches and otlier electronic equipment. Such applications are also considered later in tliis section. Surfactants and lipids fonn various types of liquid crystal phase but this is discussed in section C2.3. This section focuses on low-molecular-weight liquid crystals, polymer liquid crystals being discussed in tire previous section. 

The ROSDAL syntax is characterized by a simple coding of a chemical structure using alphanumeric symbols which can easily be learned by a chemist [14]. In the linear structure representation, each atom of the structure is arbitrarily assigned a unique number, except for the hydrogen atoms. Carbon atoms are shown in the notation only by digits. The other types of atoms carry, in addition, their atomic symbol. In order to describe the bonds between atoms, bond symbols are inserted between the atom numbers. Branches are marked and separated from the other parts of the code by commas [15, 16] (Figure 2-9). The ROSDAL linear notation is rmambiguous but not unique. 

Common types of pipets and syringes (a) transfer pipet (b) measuring pipet (c) digital pipet (d) syringe. 

I. 000 X 10- 1.000 X 10-k 1.000 X 10-k and 1.000 X 10- M from a 0.1000 M stock solution. Calculate the uncertainty for each solution using a propagation of uncertainty, and compare to the uncertainty if each solution was prepared by a single dilution of the stock solution. Tolerances for different types of volumetric glassware and digital pipets are found in Tables 4.2 and 4.4. Assume that the uncertainty in the molarity of the stock solution is 0.0002. 

Three main types point ion collectors are in use for quadrupole, magnetic-sector, and TOF instruments, and they are discussed here. The multichannel plate collector (or time-to-digital converter)... 

The array detector (collector) consists of a number of ion-collection elements arranged in a line each element of the array is an electron multiplier. Another type of array detector, the time-to-digital converter, is discussed in Chapter 31. 

Control Devices. Control devices have advanced from manual control to sophisticated computet-assisted operation. Radiation pyrometers in conjunction with thermocouples monitor furnace temperatures at several locations (see Temperature measurement). Batch tilting is usually automatically controlled. Combustion air and fuel are metered and controlled for optimum efficiency. For regeneration-type units, furnace reversal also operates on a timed program. Data acquisition and digital display of operating parameters are part of a supervisory control system. The grouping of display information at the control center is typical of modem furnaces. 

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