Image analysers

P ) The system BAS 2000 (bio-imaging analyser) from Fuji Film. The system included flexible IP s, in a 20 X 40 cm and 20 X 25 cm format (type BAS ni) and an IP without proteetive layer (BAS-TR2040). With the system s laser scanner (flat bed) one can read these IP s with a resolution of 100 pm or 200 pm and a digital dynamie of 8 or 10 bits. The system is not on the market anymore. 

Trial validity is also grossly affected by the type of trial carried out. In schizophrenia there are several health-care decision models, retrospective mirror-image analyses (with or... 

The second advantage is the possibility of performing chemical imaging analyses. Even if other techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, also allow images to be acquired, ToF-SIMS is, for now, the mass spectrometric technique with the best spatial resolution performance. 

Surface tension of the applied solution Use of AFM to make image analyses... 

Appropriate electrophoresis systems in various sizes are available from numerous companies. More expensive are the imaging devices, usually consisting of a UV transilluminator and a CC-camera attached to a computer. There are several types of digital image analysers commercially available. Alternatively, one may use ordinary photography (use a red filter and UV-transilluminator) to obtain an image of the gel. 

After electrophoresis, transfer the gel into ethidium bromide solution (50 pi stock solution in 1 1 of tap water) and stain for 5 -10 min. Transfer the gel onto a transilluminator and visualise the DNA with UV light, taking care to protect the skin and eyes against UV radiation. Document the result with a standard photograph or digital image analyser. 

Shimizu, H. and Nishikawa, T. (1993) Application of an image analyser to gold labeling in immunoelectron microscopy to achieve better demonstration and quantitative analysis J Histochem Cytochem 41, 123-128... 

Brescia, M. A., Sacco, D., Sgaramella, A., Pasqualone, A., Simeone, R., Peri, G., and Sacco, A. (2007). Characterization of different typical Italian breads by means of traditional, spectroscopic and image analyses. Food Chem. 104, 429-438. 

Electron microscope facilities with Formvar/carbon-coated grids. For complete quality control, access to a monochrome image analyser is also required. 

Usually, imaging workstations and luminometers include proprietary software to operate the devices and allow the direct export of raw data and basic measurements to common spreadsheet software, including Microsoft Excel. More complex image analyses can be successfully performed with ImageJ or Matlab software packages. 

Hoogendijk WJ, Pool CW, Troost D, van Zwieten E, Swaab DF (1995) Image analyser-assisted morphometry of the locus coeruleus in Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 118 ( Pt 1) 131-143. 

M.F. Horstemeyer et al Numerical, experimental, nondestructive, and image analyses of damage progression in cast A356 aluminum notch tensile bars. Theor. App. Fracture Mech. 

Wilkinson MHF (1998) Optical systems for image analysed microscopy In Wilkinson MHF, Schut F (eds) Digital Image Analysis of Microbes. Wiley, New York, pp 431... 

Fuykazawa K, Imagawa H (1981) Quantitative analysis of lignin using an UV microscopic image analyser Variation within one growth increment Wood Sci Technol 15 45-55 Hermans PH (1946) Contribution to the physics of cellulose fibres Elsevier, Amsterdam, 221 PP... 

Essentially, these steps are similar to those for capillary rise. For (i) the Bashforth-Adams tables and their modern variants can be used. Regarding (ii) laser-optical reflection techniques can nowadays yield profiles with great precision, so that accurate y values can be obtained. We shall now discuss some of the main features, leaving the numerous technical details to the specialized literature, except for noting that modern image analyses and automatization render steps (i) and (ii) less tedious, if not obviating parts of them. 

Henderson G, Tomlinson BE, Gibson PH. 1980. Cell counts in human cerebral cortex in normal adults throughout life using an image analysing computer. J Neurol Sci 46 113-136. 

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