Digital audio recordings

Data compression can be used to increase the capacity of numerous audio storage products such as hard and magneto-optical (MO) disk-based digital audio recorders and work stations. A modest compression ratio of 4 1 enables a 1-h stereo CD to be stored on 160 megabyte (MB) of disk space and to store some 30 s of full bandwidth stereo on a 1.44 MB, 31/2-in floppy diskette. Cinema audiences are now being offered virtual audio splendor with audio surround systems incorporating data compression. 

Optical information storage, which has been a dream since the discovery of the laser, is now becoming a commercial reality. Read-only consumer products (video and digital audio disks) have provided a solid technological base for the development and introduction of the more sophisticated write-once and erasable recording systems. This chapter will review the current status of polymeric materials as substrates, protective layers, and active recording media in laser recording. 

The first CD standard, called the Red Book standard, is the standard for recording digital audio (audio CDs that you play in your home CD player). It specifies the recording level as 16-bit, 44.1 KHz, and that the entire disk will have an index of the music tracks stored on it. The Yellow Book standard defines the main requirements for data storage on a CD-ROM. This standard supports both PC (ISO9660) and Mac (HFS) file system formats as well as file system formats from other vendors (DEC and VMS). 

All the subjects were asked to pronounce sustained vowel /a/ for 5 seconds, at a comfortable pitch and loudness level. The recording was done using Shure SM58 microphone in a normal room environment. The mouth-to-microphone distance was fixed at 2-3 cm. The speech sounds were digitally recorded by GoldWave [9] digital audio editor at a sampling rate of 20 kHz with 16-bit resolution. 

Organizational information is a compilation of records, files, documents, and other materials that may contain many sensitive pieces of data. Information may be kept in a variety of formats, including handwritten, printed, and digital tiles and video and audio recordings. Information must be accurate and available to make timely decisions. In emergency situations, accurate and accessible information may play an important factor in safety. Furthermore, organizations could have legal consequences if they fail to safely maintain information. 

CD-V (compact disk-video) is premolded for both video and digital music 0 = 305 mm oi0 = 203 mm. There is also a videocHp version (0 = 120 mm) for 22 min CD audio and 5 min of video information. CD-VEP (video extended play) 0 = 200 mm, is recorded on both sides, whereas for CD-VLP (video long play) 0 = 200 mm, one- or two-sided recording can be selected max. 60 min video/side. 

The e-records rule uses many terms that must be understood to grasp fully the intent of the rule. FDA defines electronic records as any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, pictorial, or other information presented in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or distributed by a computer system . A printout of a computer file is not the actual electronic record itself Electronic records include other relevant data, such as which user made a change, the time and date that the change was made, etc. 

Read Only media include the CD (Compact Disk), both Audio and CD-ROM (Read Only Memory) formats, and the more recently introduced DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) and DVD-ROM formats. DVD formats have a much higher data capacity than a CD-ROM, with the capacity depending on whether one or two recording layers are used. These read-only (i.e., prerecorded) media are largely the domain of entertainment and software distribution and publishing.196... 

Optical applications storage media, CD, CD-ROM, DVD, SACD (super audio compact disc) lenses for cameras on mobile phones, digital cameras, compact cameras, CD-players, video recorders... 

Electronic record means any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, pictorial, or other information representation in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or distributed by a computer system. 

Pick-up lenses for digital versatile disc (DVD) players, recorder and super audio compact disc players,... 

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