Digestion gastrointestinal

KOIKE D, YAMADERA K, DiMAGNO E p (1995) Effect of a wheat amylase inhibitor on canine carbohydrate digestion, gastrointestinal function, and pancreatic growth. Gastroenterology. 108 1221-9. 

The analytical methods reported in the literature were mainly applied to pure compounds, to beverages, and to extracts of solid food products. In our opinion, the future challenge of both microplate- and flow-based methods is to determine the antioxidant activity of solid food samples simultaneous with the extraction procedure, with the aim of reducing both the laborious extraction protocols and the high variability between experiments. This is a critical point when digestive gastrointestinal fluids are used as extractor solvents to assess the fraction of antioxidant capacity that is really bioaccessible. 

Gastrointestinal x-ray imaging is the imaging of the small and large intestines and the colon. The contrast between the various tissues found in the abdomen is poor. As a consequence, a contrast agent is introduced into the digestive tract which absorbs more x-rays than do the tissues in the abdomen. 

Bile Acid Sequestrants. The bile acid binding resins, colestipol [26658424] and cholestyramine, ate also effective in controlling semm cholesterol levels (150). Cholestyramine, a polymer having mol wt > ICf, is an anion-exchange resin. It is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, is not affected by digestive enzymes, and is taken orally after being suspended in water (151). 

G.J. (gastrointestinal). Refers to the digestive system. Glaucoma. Increased intraocular pressure. 

Different factors inclnding nntrients, bile salts, pH, and microflora present in the gastrointestinal tract dnring the digestion process can affect the bioaccessibility of a compound (Table 3.2.1). The compoimd of interest is generally consiuned together with other nutrients present in the meal and, once the compound and these nutrients are released from the food matrix during the same period, they may interact in the intestinal liunen. 

Anthocyanins are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. These compounds are usually recovered in very small amounts in human serum after oral ingestion (less than 1% of the dose) or in the IN fraction after in vitro digestion (about 5%). ° Unlike other polyphenols, anthocyanins constitute an exception because intact glycosides are recovered in the body (without deglycosylation prior to absorption). - This may be explained by either the instability of the free aglycone form or by a specific mechanism of absorption for anthocyanins. 

Perez-Vicente, A., Gil-Izquierdo, A., and Garcia-Viguera, C., In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of pomegrate juice phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and vitamin C, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2308, 2002. 

Levine, D.S. (1985). Does asbestos exposure cause gastrointestinal cancer Digest. Dis. Sci. 30, 1189-1198. 

Casein refers to a family of proteins, namely, ttgi-, 0. 2-, p-, and k-caseins (Table 5.1). Digestion of a- and p-caseins leads to production of peptides that may bind to opioid receptors that exist in the nervous, endocrine, immime, or gastrointestinal system (Kampa et ah, 1996 Meisel, 2004). These compoimds may modulate absorption processes in the gut and can potentially affect gastrointestinal fimction through transit... 

The transcellular fluid includes the viscous components of the peritoneum, pleural space, and pericardium, as well as the cerebrospinal fluid, joint space fluid, and the gastrointestinal (GI) digestive juices. Although the transcellular fluid normally accounts for about 1% of TBW, this amount can increase significantly during various illnesses favoring fluid collection in one of these spaces (e.g., pleural effusions or ascites in the peritoneum). The accumulation of fluid in the transcellular space is often referred to as third spacing. To review the calculations of the body fluid compartments in a representative patient, see Patient Encounter 1. 

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a highly specialized region of the body whose primary functions involve the processes of secretion, digestion, and absorption. Since all nutrients needed by the body, with the exception of oxygen, must first be ingested orally, processed by the GIT, and then made available for absorption into the bloodstream, the GIT represents a significant barrier and interface with the environment. The primary defense mechanisms employed by the gut... 

JL Madsen. Effects of gender, age, and body mass index on gastrointestinal transit times. Digest Dis Sci 37 1548-1553, 1992. 

All of the organ systems in the body, except the reproductive system, contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis (see Table 1.1). For example, the gastrointestinal tract digests foods to provide nutrients to the body. The respiratory system obtains oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide. The circulatory system transports all of these materials and others from one part of the body to another. The renal system eliminates wastes and plays a role in regulating blood volume and blood pressure. 

Explain how the following mechanisms regulate activity of the digestive system intrinsic nerve plexuses, extrinsic autonomic nerves, and gastrointestinal hormones... 

The accessory digestive organs exist outside the gastrointestinal tract however, each of these organs empties secretions into the tract that contribute to the process of digestion. These accessory digestive organs include ... 

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