Test diffusion

Vaned diffuser ioss. Vaned diffuser losses are based on conical diffuser test results. They are a function of the impeller blade loading and the vaneless space radius ratio. They also take into account the blade incidence angle and skin friction from the vanes. 

Diffusion and Permeation Testing 23.4.4.1 Kinetics of Liquid Diffusion Tests... 

The first study was performed by Venturini [97, 98] in both rats and dogs by using a microbiological assay (i.e. agar diffusion test and S. aureus 209 P FDA as test organism). Conversely from rifampicin, whose serum levels were already detectable 30 min after the administration and still measurable after 48 h, only trace amounts (i.e. 0.2 pg/ml) of rifaximin were detected in serum of fed rats 4 h later (fig. 6). The amount of detectable antibiotic was reduced by 50% in fasted animals. Similar results have been obtained in dogs after oral administration of 25 mg/ kg of both rifamycin derivatives [97, 98], No detectable amount of rifaximin was found in serum at any time. 

The position of the precipitation lines depends on, e.g., the diffusion rate of the different HpHb complexes, of the HBG and of the antibodies. The molecular size (the type) of the HpHb complex will therefore influence the result of the diffusion tests in agar. The technique seems to be simple and promising. So far, the data available on the sensitivity and reliability of the method is not sufficient to warrant recommendation of the procedure. 

Simulation and predictive modeling of contaminant transport in the environment are only as good as the data input used in these models. Field methods differ from laboratory methods in that an increase in the scale of measurement relative to most laboratory methods is involved. Determination of transport parameters (i. e., transmission coefficients) must also use actual contaminant chemical species and field solid phase samples if realistic values are to be specified for the transport models. The choice of type of test, e.g., leaching cells and diffusion tests, depends on personal preference and availability of material. No test is significantly better than another. Most of the tests for diffusion evaluation are flawed to a certain extent. 

AM-001, and mannanase B properties are similar to those of P-mannanase M-III. Furthermore, the Ouchterlony double diffusion test showed that these five enzymes gave fused precipitation lines. However, N-terminal amino acid sequences of the five mannanases determined by an automatic amino acid sequencer revealed that the N-terminal amino acid sequence from amino acid 1 (Asn) to 9 (Gin) of the Bacillus sp. AM-001 enzymes coincides with those from amino acid 4 (Asn) to 12 (Asn) of the R coll JMlOl (pMAH3) enzymes as shown in Fig. 4. This may reflect differences in the specificities of the signal peptidases of the two bacteria. 

Five out of six patients gave a positive precipitin test. Malarial antigen was extracted from human brain for gel diffusion tests. 

Agar-diffusion tests with the anti-isomaltose, myeloma protein and several dextran preparations showed that the protein does indeed combine with a number of dextrans. Results of gel electrophoresis of the sample showed that the purified myeloma protein consisted of several multimolecular forms.107 This observation is at variance with a report that the W3129 myeloma protein isolated from the same type of serum was homogeneous.168 Additional studies are needed in order to establish whether the anti-isomaltose, myeloma protein is synthesized as a homogeneous protein or in multimolecular form. 

To overcome this problem, an agar diffusion test has been developed to detect chloramphenicol residues in the urine of slaughtered animals (87). The principle of the test is based upon incorporation of -glucuronidase in an agar medium shown with Bacillus subtilis. With this test, the glucuronide of chloramphenicol, which is the major metabolite in urine, is hydrolyzed and the antibacterial activity is demonstrated according to the usual microbiological detection assays. 

Contrary to the diffusion test, where the air diffused through the wet membrane causes a pressure drop at the inlet side, in the WIT, the pressure drop is caused through the lowering of the water level at the upstream side of the housing. 

Diffusion test (BASF Combi Test [124]) for rate of diffusion in the fiber. 

That both components were antibodies was established by agar diffusion tests with these preparations and solutions of the glycan performed in the usual manner. The results of the agar diffusion tests are shown in Figure 3, right plate. The two preparations of antibodies have been designated as anti-galactose (anti-gal) antibodies and anti-lactose (anti-lac) antibodies and some of the properties of the two sets of antibodies are described in a later section. 

The sedimentation constants and molecular weights calculated from ultracentrifugation data for both types of antibodies were 7s and 150,000 respectively. Agar diffusion tests with goat antisera against rabbit IgA, IgG and IgM showed that both antibody sets are of the IgG immunoglobulin type (29). 

The three antisera and the anti-glycosyl antibodies isolated from these antisera have been tested in agar diffusion tests for cross-reactivity with the three iirmunogens and with bovine serum albumin. These results are shown in Figure 8. 

The fate of tubercle bacilli or E. coli in human or bovine serum was determined not only by the use of the agar-plate diffusion test but also by experiments performed in serum-containing test tubes. In tube experiments, serum is inoculated with bacterial suspensions adjusted to contain a known number of bacteria in the inoculum. Infected sera are incubated at 37 °C and, after various periods of time, bacterial numbers are determined by plating the samples on the growth-supporting IPAM. The number of developed colonies on agar medium shows the number of bacteria in the experimental tubes. 

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