Diesel sludge

Stability. Diesel fuel can undergo unwanted oxidation reactions leading to insoluble gums and also to highly colored by-products. Discoloration is beheved to be caused by oxidation of pyrroles, phenols, and thiophenols to form quiaoid stmctures (75). Eventually, these colored bodies may increase in molecular weight to form insoluble sludge. 

Includes petroleum coke, diesel, kerosene, petroleum sludge, and tar. 

Coal ash, coal fly ash, power station fly ash, incinerator ash, vehicle exhaust particulates, urban dust, atmospheric dust, metal smelter dust, welding dust, diesel particulates, particulates on filter media Sewage sludge, wastewater... 

The infrared method that has been used most frequently (EPA 418.1) is appropriate only for water samples. A separatory funnel liquid-liquid extraction technique is used to extiact hydrocarbons from the water. A method (EPA 5520D) using a Soxhlet extraction technique is suitable for sludge. This extiaction is frequently used to adapt the method (EPA 418.1) to soil samples. An infrared-based supercritical fluid extraction method for diesel range contamination (EPA 3560) is available. 

Bearehaven Reclamation, Inc. (Bearehaven), in situ bioremediation is a proprietary technology for the treatment of organic contaminants. According to the vendor, the process can readily remediate trichloroethylene (TCE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), diesel fuel, and other more complex organic compounds in soil, water, sludge, and landfills. 

According to the technology developer, the technology can treat soils, sludges, and dredged sediments contaminated with organic contaminants ranging from diesel fuel to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 

Fuel refiners will sometimes blend low levels of coker gas oil or vacuum gas oil into diesel fuel. These high-boiling-point fractions may contain high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic compounds which can eventually precipitate to form fuel-insoluble sludge and deposits. 

Engine oil dilution is a potential problem with biodiesel since it is more prone to oxidation and polymerization than diesel fuel. The presence of biodiesel in engine oil could cause thick sludge to occur with the consequence that the oil becomes too thick to pump. Special formulations of engine oil are being developed to minimize the effects of dilution with biodiesel. 

CDDs have been measured in all environmental media including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, soil, and sediment. While the manufacture and use of chlorinated compounds, such as chlorophenols and chlorinated phenoxy herbicides, were important sources of CDDs to the environment in the past, the restricted manufacture of many of these compounds has substantially reduced their current contribution to environmental releases. It is now believed that incineration/combustion processes are the most important sources of CDDs to the environment (Zook and Rappe 1994). Important incineration/combustion sources include medical waste, municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, and sewage sludge incineration industrial coal, oil, and wood burning secondary metal smelting, cement kilns, diesel fuel combustion, and residential oil and wood burning (Clement et al. 1985 Thoma 1988 Zook and Rappe 1994). 

Prevention of agglomeration of insoluble oxidation products and sludge particles generated by the combustion of diesel fuels as discussed in Chapter 2, (see also Fig. 1.3). 

The diesel fuel has 10% a-olefin content (i.e. terminal unsaturation or double bonds) which make the fuel unstable and prone to polymerization (i.e. sludge formation). There is no proven track record for producing transportation-grade diesel from the Smuda Process (Poland plant produces crude oil from plastics which is subsequently sent to a refinery). 

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