Sludge formation

Modern additive-treated oils are so stable that deposits and sludge formation in normal conditions have been almost eliminated. Consequently, the service life of the oils which is affected by oxidation thermal degradation and moisture is extended. 

Compositions of a N,N-dialkylamide of a fatty acid in a hydrocarbon solvent and a mutual oil-water solvent are useful for the prevention of sludge formation or emulsion formation during the drilling or workover of producing oil wells [1526,1528,1529]. 

Endogenous respiration reactions also occur, which reduce the sludge formation ... 

High sludge formation Low sludge formation No sludge disposal or centrifugation... 

Chemical and physical methods including adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, advanced oxidation and electrochemical methods are very efficient in color removal. These methods are quite expensive and have operational problems. High sludge formation, regeneration requirement and cost of adsorbent make adsorption an unattractive method for decolorization purposes. So biodegradation begins to play an important role in decolorization of azo dyes. 

A variety of fuel performance problems can be directly linked to the presence of olefinic compounds in a fuel. Problems such as darkening of fuel color, gum and sludge formation, and combustion system deposits can be directly linked to the presence of olefins. 

Control of color darkening and sludge formation when cycle oil, cracked gas oil, or some other unstable fraction is blended into fuel. These fractions contain unstable olefins and aromatics in high percentages. 

Sludge formation in fuel system filter plugging... 

On cold starting, liquid methyl ester compounds can pass into the lubricating oil the higher TAN and the olefinic nature of biodiesel can lead to sludge formation and thickening of the lubricating oil more frequent oil drain intervals are recommended when biodiesel is used. 

Extensive Hydroeraeking of VR from Arabian Crude without Sludge Formation... 

It is important to segregate waste streams containing chelating agents from those that do not, for otherwise the chelators will inhibit metals precipitation. Waste stream segregation can reduce the amount of ferric chloride and other chemicals needs to break down metal complexes, and can minimize sludge formation. 

The API SJ motor oil test (adapted in 1996) and ILSAC GF-2 are comprised of a set of engine tests for defining minimum oil performance requirements. These tests are as follows bearing wear and corrosion (Sequence L-38), valve corrosion (Sequence II-D), sludge formation (Sequence III-E), degradation wear products (Sequence V-E), and fuel economy (Sequence VI-A), (Lakes, 1999). For abbreviations see Chapter 8. 

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