Diesel buses

Wang, W. G., N. N. Clark, D. W. Lyons, R. M. Yang, M. Gautani, R. M. Bata, and J. L. Loth, Emissions Comparisons from Alternative Fuel Buses and Diesel Buses with a Chassis Dynamometer Testing Facility, Environ. Sci. Technol, 31, 3132-3137 (1997). 

One additional point is worth noting. For diesel buses especially, because of their long lifetimes and their intensive usage in densely populated urban areas, retrofit is a very attractive strategy and is being pursued by many areas around the world. 

Ballard Power Systems, in conjunction with the province of British Columbia and the government of Canada, have converted a diesel bus for Vancouver, B.C. Transit (43). This 9.1-m vehicle is powered by a 105-kW fuel cell. Gaseous hydrogen, stored on board the bus in DOT-approved glass-wound composite cylinders operating at 20.7 MPa (3000 psi), provides the necessary fuel requited for the 150-km projected vehicle range. 

Neto Da Silva, F., Prata, A. S., and Teixeira, J. R. 2003. Technical Feasibility Assessment of Oleic Sunflower Methyl Ester Utilisation in Diesel Bus Engines. Energy Conv. Manag., 44,2857-2878. 

Gamble, J., WJones, and S.Minshall. 1987. Epidemiological-environmental study of diesel bus garage workers Acute effects of NOj and respirable participate on the respiratory system. Environ. Res. 42(1) 201-214. 

He L, Hu M, Zhang Y, Huang X, Yao T (2008) Fine particle emissions from on-road vehicles in the Zhujiang Tunnel, China. Environ Sci Technol 42 4461-4466 Huang X, Olmez 1, Aras N, Gradon G (1994) Emissions of trace elements from motor vehicles potential marker elements and source composition profile. Atmos Environ 28 1385—1391 Jamriska M, Morawska L, Thomas S, He C (2004) Diesel bus emissions measured in a turmel study. Environ Sci Technol 38 6701-6709... 

The San Francisco Compound Bus 2010 FCB is part of Bus 2010 FTA and CALSTART, Inc. initiative [48] and aims to double the fuel efficiency of a diesel bus in tm affordable package. It links a FC, conventional diesel engine and battery energy sources into one power and propulsion system. It combines the Daimler/BAE Orion VII diesel-hybrid electric propulsion with an LIB (200 kW peak power), complemented by two Hydrogenics FCs (12 kW each) fueled by four hydrogen tanks that boost the small diesel engine bus power and extend its range. 

The VXS, which provides ventilation of the electrical switchgear rooms that contain the diesel bus switchgear and the equipment room that contains the switchgear room air-handling units. 

The first methanol bus in the world was placed in revenue service in Auckland, New Zealand in June 1981. It was a Mercedes O 305 city bus using the M 407 hGO methanol engine. This vehicle operated in revenue service for several years with mixed results. Fuel economy on an equivalent energy basis ranged from 6 to 17% mote than diesel fuel economy. Power and torque matched the diesel engine and drivers could not detect a difference. ReHabiUty and durabihty of components was a problem. Additional demonstrations took place in Berlin, Germany and in Pretoria, South Africa, both in 1982. 

The California bus program was mn at Golden Gate Transit District (GGTD) and continued through late 1990 (49). M.A.N. suppHed two European SU 240 coaches for this project, one diesel powered and one methanol powered. DDC provided a GM RTS coach powered by methanol. 

It is common practice to provide a standby emergency source of supply at all important installations such as large factories, railways, airports and other essential services. This is usually achieved with the use of a captive diesel generator (DG) set (Figure 16.1). Here we briefly discuss these machines, their characteristics and selection for a required application. We also consider schemes that are commonly used to start a DG set and run it individually or in parallel with an existing source of supply, which may be another DG set or an infinite bus. 

Diesel Diesel oil NO, particulate, SO, CO2 Auto, truck, bus, railroad, marine, tractor... 

EPA diesel exhaust emissions limits for 1998 on-highway diesel truck and bus engines in g/bhp-hr (grams/brake horscpowcr/hotir) when using existing... 

Most urban rail service is electric-powered and most urban bus service is diesel-powered, although diesel rail and electric bus operations do exist, as noted above. The efficiency and environmental impacts of electricity depend gi eatly on the source of electric power. Although electric vehicles produce no tailpipe emissions, generation of electricity can produce significant emissions that can travel long distances, Eor example, coal-powered electricity plants produce particulate emissions that travel halfway across North America, Urban buses also can be powered by a variety of alternative fuels. 

Sheehan, J., Camobreco, V., Duffield, J., Graboski, M., and Shapouri, H. (1998). Life cycle inventory of biodiesel and petroleum diesel for use in an urban bus. Final Report. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US Department of Energy. 

The carbon footprint of transport fuels has been analyzed in several studies starting from 1990. One of the most important is the study realized by Sheehan et al. [13] at National Renewable Energy Laboratory of the United States.This is an LCA study that includes the impact of C02 emissions. Most important operations belonging to the petroleum diesel product system include crude oil extraction, its transport to an oil refinery, crude oil refining to diesel fuel, its transportation to the user, and its use in a bus engine. 

Diesel emission particulates, mostly of respirable size, are assuming increased importance as a source of atmospheric particulate pollutants. They may also present significant hazard in certain working environments such as bus garages and mines. 

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