Stavudine Didanosine

Zidovudine Didanosine Stavudine Lamivudine Abacavir Tenofovir Emtricitabine Nevirapine Efavirenz TMC125 Saquinavir Indinavir Lopinavir Fosamprenavir Atazanavir Tipranavir Darunavir Raltegravir Elvitegravir Enluvirtide Maraviroc Vicriviroc Bevirimat... 

Moore RD, Wong WM et al (2000) Incidence of neuropathy in HIV-infected patients on monotherapy versus those on combination therapy with didanosine, stavudine and hydroxyurea. AIDS 14(3) 273-278... 

Drugs that should not be combined due to overlapping toxi-cities include amprenavir oral solution plus ritonavir oral solution, atazanavir plus indinavir (due to enhanced hyperbilirubinemia), and any combination of didanosine, stavudine, and zalcitabine. Emtricitabine and lamivudine should not be combined because of their similar chemical structures, and antagonism can result when lamivudine is combined with zalcitabine, or stavudine is combined with zidovudine. 

Peptidases encoded by many viruses play essential roles at various stages of viral replication, including the coordinated assembly and maturation of virons [7a]. Viral peptidases have become important drug targets in the treatment of viral infections. Of note are inhibitors of proteases of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 retropepsin, EC 3.4.23.16) and HIV-2 protease [47-50], Drugs in this class, which include indinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir, are useful in the treatment of AIDS, especially when administered as a cocktail together with one of the drugs that act on the viral retrotranscriptase (e.g., didanosine, stavudine, and zidovudine (AZT)). 

Walker, U.A. et al. (2004) Depletion of mitochondrial DNA in liver rmder antiretroviral therapy with didanosine, stavudine, or zalcitabine. Hepatology,... 

Considerable neuromuscular involvement also occurs in patients with AIDS.47 100 Peripheral neuropathies, myopathies, and various CNS manifestations (dementia, other psychological manifestations) can occur directly from HIV infection or secondarily, due to some other opportunistic infection.31 85 100 Likewise, peripheral neuropathies are a common side effect of certain anti-HIV drugs (didanosine, stavudine, zal-citabine), and myopathies are a side effect of zidovudine therapy.63 Patients with HIV disease often have painful symptoms such as joint pain, back pain, and pain related to neuropathies and myopathies.100 Hence, HIV disease can often be regarded as a degenerative neuromuscular disorder from the standpoint of a rehabilitation professional. Therapists can therefore help improve function and decrease pain in patients with HIV infection and AIDS.1 33... 

Zidovudine/lamivudine plus either Ritonavir 600 mg twice daily Didanosine/stavudine Saquinavir soft gel 1,200 mg three times daily... 

VASODILATOR ANTIHYPERTENSIVES NNRTIs Risk of peripheral neuropathy when hydralazine is coadministered with didanosine, stavudine or zalcitabine Additive effect both drugs can cause peripheral neuropathy Warn patient to report early features of peripheral neuropathy if it occurs, the NNRTI should be stopped... 

PHENYTOIN NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPASE INHIBITORS - DIDANOSINE, STAVUDINE, ZIDOVUDINE Possibly t adverse effects (e.g. peripheral neuropathy) with didanosine, stavudine and zidovudine Additive effect Monitor closely for peripheral neuropathy during prolonged combination... 

DIDANOSINE STAVUDINE t adverse effects, including pancreatitis and neuropathy Additive effect Monitor more closely, especially for pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy. Relative risk of neuropathy stavudine alone 1.39 compared with didanosine combined use 3.5. Sometimes fatal lactic acidosis is reported in pregnancy... 

Peripheral neuropathy is often observed in patients treated with didanosine, stavudine, and zalcitabine (14,15). 

A peripheral neuropathy is often observed in patients treated with didanosine, stavudine, and zalcitabine (5,6). It usually occurs after prolonged treatment (more than 4 months), most often with zalcitabine, and often requires drug withdrawal, but it is sometimes not fully reversible. Mitochondrial alterations have been demonstrated in Schwann cells of peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglia in rabbits treated with zalcitabine (7). 

Coinfection with HIV is common in patients with HCV given the shared risk factors for transmission. Patients coinfected with these viruses have a more accelerated progression of their HCV disease. Most trials to date have excluded patients with HIV or limited them to patients with stable HTV infection. Combination therapy using ribavirin is considered to be superior however, enhancement of antiretroviral adverse events such as lactic acidosis limits therapy. Concurrent use of ribavirin therapy with didanosine, stavudine, or zidovudine is relatively contraindicated. ... 

Didanosine Stavudine Zalcitabine Zidovudine Protease inhibitors are ... 

Nucleoside Analogue HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors as Drugs for the Treatment of HIV and Hepatitis B Zidovudine, Didanosine, Stavudine, Lamivudine, Abacavir, Emtricitabine and Entecavir... 

Didanosine, stavudine and zalcitabine are not expected to interact with rifabutin, but rifabutin may modestly increase the clearance of zidovudine. An isolated case describes undetectable rifabutin levels in a patient taking antiretrovirals including buffered didanosine. 

Of the NRTIs, didanosine, stavudine and zalcitabine have been associated with fatal pancreatitis. " ... 

Clarithromycin causes some reduction in the bioavailability of zidovudine, but this is minimised if the two drugs are given at least 2 hours apart. Clarithromycin does not appear to interact with didanosine, stavudine or zalcitabine, and azithromycin does not interact with didanosine or zidovudine. 

Rezk, N.L. Tidwell, R.R. Kashuba, A.D.M. Simultaneous determination of six HIV nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nevirapine by hquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection, J.Chromatogr.B, 2003, 791, 137-147. [plasma LOQ 10 ng/mL zalcitabine lamivudine didanosine stavudine zidovudine abacavir hexobarbital is internal standard SPE]... 

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