Reverse transcriptase inhibitors nucleoside analogue

A potentially fatal hypersensitivity, or allergic reaction, has been associated with the use of aba-cavir, a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors recently approved for treatment of AIDS in adults and children, in at least 5% of patients. Symptoms of this reaction may include skin rash, fever, nausea, abdominal pain and severe tiredness. 

Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors can rarely cause lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis and might potentiate the effect of metformin. 

Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)... 

Brinkman K, Smeitink JA, Romijn JA, Reiss P. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of antiretroviral-therapy-related lipodystrophy. Lancet 1999 354 1112-5. 

Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), Nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTls), Protease inhibitors (Pis),... 

Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors are drugs of diverse chemical structure that act by non-competitive inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 

Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA). Comparison of dual nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor regimens with and without nelfinavir in children with HIV-1 who have not previously been treated the PENTA 5 randomised trial. Lancet 2002 359(9308) 733-40. 

Lamivudine (3TC) is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has been widely used against HIV infection which also has antiviral effects against hepatitis B (1). 

Lopinavir and ritonavir are nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors that are used in combination in the treatment of AIDS. 

The non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) include delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine (all rINNs). The pharmaceutical chemistry and uses of the first- and second-generation NNRTIs have been reviewed (1). 

Krogstad P, Lee S, Johnson G, Stanley K, McNamara J, Moye J, Jackson JB, Aguayo R, Dieudoime A, Khoury M, Mendez H, Nachman S, Wiznia A, BaUow A, Aweeka F, Rosenblatt HM, Perdue L, Frasia A, Jeremy R, Anderson M, Japour A, Fields C, Farnsworth A, Lewis R, Schnittman S, GigUotti M, Maldonaldo S, Lane B, Hernandez JE, et al Pediatric AIDS CUnical Trials Group 377 Study Team. Nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plus nevirapine, nehinavir, or ritonavir for pretreated children mfected with human immnnodeficiency virus type 1. Qin imect Dis 2002 34(7) 991-1001. 

Gynecomastia has been reported in a series of men taking saquinavir (5). In these cases the association was clear (particularly since there was positive dechallenge), but this is a rare effect and has not previously been reported with either this or other protease inhibitors, although it has been associated with the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor stavudine. 

Stavudine is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Its most important adverse effects are peripheral neuropathy and increases in hepatic transaminases, both of which usually resolve on withdrawal. 

Zalcitabine is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Because of the high incidence of nervous system adverse effects and the availability of less toxic alternatives, zalcitabine is no longer used. 

Martin AM, Hammond E, Nolan D, Pace C, Boer MD, Taylra- L, Moore H, Martinez OP, Christiansen FT, Mallal S (2003) Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations in hiunan immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Am J Hum Genet 72 549-560... 

IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NRTI) [SED-15, 2586 SEDA-31, 482 SEDA-32, 534 SEDA-33, 585]... 

Sievers M, Walker UA, Sevastianova K, Setzer B, Wagsater D, Eriksson P, Yki-Jarvinen H, Sutinen J. Gene expression and immunohistochemistry in adipose tissue of HTV type 1-infected patients with nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-associated lipoatrophy. J Infect Dis 2009 200 252-62. 

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