Diethyl phthalate reduction

When tribenzo[/>,with copper bronze and diethyl phthalate at 315°C for five hours, triphenylene (18) is obtained in 72% yield.4 Reductive desulfurization of 17 with Raney nickel in ethanol at room temperature gives l,l 2M -terphenyl (19) in 68% yield 4... 

As an example of the concentration dependence of viscoelastic properties in Fig. 16.11 the shear creep compliance of poly(vinyl acetate) is plotted vs. time for solutions of poly(vinyl acetate) in diethyl phthalate with indicated volume fractions of polymer, reduced to 40 °C with the aid of the time temperature superposition principle (Oyanagi and Ferry, 1966). From this figure it becomes clear that the curves are parallel. We may conclude that the various may be shifted over the time axis to one curve, e.g. to the curve for pure polymer. In general it appears that viscoelastic properties measured at various concentrations may be reduced to one single curve at one concentration with the aid of a time-concentration superposition principle, which resembles the time-temperature superposition principle (see, e.g. Ferry, General references, 1980, Chap. 17). The Doolittle equation reads for this reduction ... 

An alternative and quicker method is to use diethyl phthalate as a carrier. The bath is made up with the requisite amount of Dispersol Diazo Black together with Brenthol OT, (12), and, after running the goods for 10 minutes, 6 to 10 per cent of diethyl phthalate is added and the temperature raised to 95° to 100°C (205° to 212°F) and dyeing continued for 1 hour. The goods are then rinsed, developed with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid and reduction cleared in the manner already described. 

Ghloromethylphosphonous dichloride and liq. methyl chloride added to AIGI3 cooled in Dry Ice-acetone, stored 16 hrs. at room temp, then heated 72 hrs. at 100-102° in a pressure bottle, dissolved in diethyl phthalate under N2 with vigorous stirring, and treated with powdered antimony under N2 while the product is distilled in vacuo during 0.5 hr. at a final temp, of 80-85° chloro-methylmethylphosphinous chloride. Y 73%. F. e., also reduction with Zn-dust at room temp., s. J. L. Ferron, Gan. J. Ghem. 39, 842 (1961). 

Presumably for similar reasons, cathodic reduction of diethyl terephthalate and diethyl furan- and thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate [51-53] in a buffered ethanolic solution of pH 4.2 affords the aldehyde ester under controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) conditions (in the interval between —1.50 and —1.65 V). Diethyloxalate [77] is reduced at a mercury cathode in acidic medium to give the ethyl hemiacetal of ethyl glyoxylate (38-50% yield). In contrast, diethyl and monoethyl phthalate gave phthalide under similar conditions [21,78]. 

Work on oestrogenic effects has shown that the most commonly used phthalates do not produce any effect on human reproductive organs. Work on BPP, octyl phenol, octyl phenol polyethoxylate, and diethyl stilbestrol that had earlier suggested a reduction in testicular size in rats is being reinvestigated. 

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