Diamond materials

PDC bits get their name from the polycrystalline diamond compacts used for their cutting structure. The technology that led to the production of STRATAPAX drill blanks grew from the General Electric Co. work with polycrystalline manufactured diamond materials for abrasives and metal working tools. General Electric Co. researched and developed the STRATAPAX (trade... 

The term fixed cutter is used as the most correct description for the broad category of nonroller cone rock bits. The cutting elements may be comprised of any suitable material. To date, several types of diamond materials are used almost exclusively for fixed cutter petroleum drilling applications. This leads to the widespread use of the term diamond bits and PDC bits in reference to fixed cutter designs. 

The distinction of primary cutter types is made because fixed cutter bits often contain a variety of diamond materials. Typically one type of diamond is used as the primary cutting element while another type is used as backup material. 

Davidson. J.L. Diamond Materials l. Electrochemical Society. Inc.. Penmngion, NJ, 199K. 

Diamond electrode — Electrode made from - boron-doped diamond or similar doped diamond materials. Diamond, natural or synthetic, exhibits some exceptional material properties such as low thermal expansion, optical transparency for visible, IR, and microwave radiation, mechanical strength, and shock resistance [i]. 

In direct ion beam deposition processes, ion energy in the range of a few tens of eV to a few tens of keV is used for diamond like film deposition. Careful control of ion energy in high-vacuum systems employing mass filtering of carbon ions (as in MSIB) has been shown to produce crystalline diamond materials up to several micrometers in size. ... 

Gielisse, P.J. (1998). Mechanical properties of diamond, diamond films, diamondlike carbon and like-diamond materials. In Handbook of Industrial Diamonds and Diamond Films (M.A. Prelas, G. Popovici, and L.K. Bigelow, eds). Marcel Dekker, Chapter 3, pp. 49—88. 

The experimental results indicate that in the range of nanometers other rules apply to the stability of different carbon structures than would on a macroscopic scale. This is evident, for example, from the spontaneous formation of various diamond materials with nanoscopic particles in different methods of preparation like CVD or detonation and shock wave synthesis. The products obtained include polycrys-taUine materials with particle dimension of 1-60 (tm that consist of primary par-... 

A modification of functional groups already attached to the nanodiamond surface is of considerable interest for the development of new diamond materials for biomedical or mechanical applications. 

Figure 5.38 Reaction of halogenated diamond materials with amines.

From the hydrogenation or fluorination of a diamond material, a very hydro-phobic surface results that may then enter into an exchange with rather nonpolar compounds. A connection via Jt-stadting, however, plays just a minor role because graphitic fragments are only found in small domains on the particle surface. In the case of thermally graphitized nanodiamond particles, on the other hand, the conditions largely resemble those observed for multiwalled nanotubes. The interaction of the 7t-electrons with the polymer molecule causes a stable noncovalent incorporation into the composite. 

Figure 6.27 Absorption spectra of a diamond film (top) ( Elsevier 1993) and optical properties of various diamond materials (bottom) ( Wiley Interscience 1994).

Structure determination of diamond materials and their possible impurities, providing at the same time a better spatial resolution. 

Concentrated oxidizing acids (sulfuric, perchloric or nitric acid, or mixtures thereof) are also suitable to oxidize noncovered as well as prefunctionahzed diamond materials. Both hydroxylated and carboxylated surfaces can be generated this way. However, characterizing exactly the kind of carbonyl function with either XPS or IR-spectroscopy is rather complicated. An actual example is the reaction with so-called piranha water, that is, a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and... 

First experiments which successfully demonstrated high potential of the diamond-based systems for QITs, have also shown that primary task for further advances of the systems is material improvement allowing control of the nitrogen and carbon isotopes contents as well as nanoengineering of diamond samples. Fortunately diamond material engineering has matured quite substantially during recent years. 

---