Diagnosis early

Bladder tumor-associated antigen (BTA), a human complement factor H, is produced by bladder cancer cells (men two to three times as often as women). Cancer cells are sometimes seen in urine samples by microscope cytoscopy (examination of the bladder with an instrument inserted into the urethra), which can reveal abnormal areas. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Early stage cancer confined to the bladder wall can often be removed with a cytoscope. If several tumors are present, they are removed by infusing the bladder with a solution containing bacteria able to stimulate the immune system. 

Still, we believe that widespread use of monoclonal antibodies in CSF immuno-cytology in tumor disease as part of the arsenal of routine techniques of examination will markedly improve the prognosis of patients because it offers the possibility of establishing the diagnosis early and prompt initiation of specific therapy. 

Currently, the human proteome has been started as a global project with the aim to identify the entire protein counterpart of the human genome in a biological system (1-4). Proteomics research has been focused on several clinical applications for accurate diagnosis, early detection, and/or prognostic or candidate proteins or peptides associated with disease status (1—4). 

Yes. After potential exposure or diagnosis, early treatment is recommended with an antibiotic from the tetracycline (such as doxycycline) or fluoroquinolone (such as ciprofloxacin) class, which are taken orally, or the antibiotics. streptomycin or gentamicin, which are given... 

The examples given above represent only a few of the many demonstrated photochemical appHcations of lasers. To summarize the situation regarding laser photochemistry as of the early 1990s, it is an extremely versatile tool for research and diagnosis, providing information about reaction kinetics and the dynamics of chemical reactions. It remains difficult, however, to identify specific processes of practical economic importance in which lasers have been appHed in chemical processing. The widespread use of laser technology for chemical synthesis and the selective control of chemical reactions remains to be realized in the future. 

Assay of Enzymes In body fluids, enzyme levels aie measured to help in diagnosis and for monitoiing treatment of disease. Some enzymes or isoenzymes are predominant only in a particular tissue. When such tissues are damaged because of a disease, these enzymes or isoenzymes are Hberated and there is an increase in the level of the enzyme in the semm. Enzyme levels are deterrnined by the kinetic methods described, ie, the assays are set up so that the enzyme concentration is rate-limiting. The continuous flow analyzers, introduced in the early 1960s, solved the problem of the high workload of clinical laboratories. In this method, reaction velocity is measured rapidly the change in absorbance may be very small, but within the capabiUty of advanced kinetic analyzers. 

One of the important problems in the diagnosis of different disease in their early stages is the determination of bio-active substances in biological fluids. We are currently interested in applying capillary electrophoresis (CE) as technique for the rapid and highly efficient separation of corticosteroids in semm and urine. Steroids can analyze by MEKC. 

Admittedly, none of the X-ray contrast agents that used to be labeled as specific were developed to solve important diagnostic problems that are of interest today such as early tumor detection or diagnosis of nonobstructive inflammatory arterial or degenerative cerebral disease. 

Anodier problem can arise from the use of nonprescription cough medicine for self-treatment of a chronic cough. Indiscriminate use of antitussives by die general public may prevent early diagnosis and treatment of serious disorders, such as lung cancer and emphysema... 

Muscle biopsy is usually undertaken to confirm the provisional clinical diagnosis. Because the skin lesions normally precede those in muscle, biopsies of muscle taken early may show little abnormality. Inflammatory foci may be scanty or absent and muscle fiber diameters may be normal. However typical biopsies show discrete foci of inflammatory cells, with a predominance of B-lymphocytes (see Figure 18). These cells are situated in perimysial connective tissue rather than in the en-domysium and are often also perivascular in location. Muscle fiber necrosis occurs in JDM but muscle fibers do not appear to be the primary target of the disordered immune process. Rather, it is the micro vasculature of the muscle which appears to degenerate first and muscle necrosis is preceded by capillary necrosis, detectable at the ultrastructural level. 

Dantrolene should be repeated after 5—8 hr. Bicarbonate, procaine amide, and other drugs should be repeated as needed. Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation is symptomatic. Early diagnosis and treatment ofMH is essential. After effective treatment, the patient should be watched closely in the intensive care unit for recurrence of MH, myoglobinuric renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, muscle weakness, and electrolyte imbalance. 

Lee LM, Karon JM, Selik R, Neal JJ, Fleming PL (2001) Survival after AIDS diagnosis in adolescents and adults during the treatment era, United States, 1994-1997. JAMA 285 1308-1315 Li L, Olvera JM, Yoder KE, Mitchell RS, Butler SL, Lieber M, Martin SL, Bushman FD (2001) Role of the non-homologous DNA end joining pathway in the early steps of retroviral infection. EMBO J 20 3272-3281... 

To act as screening tests for the early diagnosis of certain diseases... 

As the name implies, the odor of urine in maple syrup urine disease (brancbed-chain ketonuria) suggests maple symp or burnt sugar. The biochemical defect involves the a-keto acid decarboxylase complex (reaction 2, Figure 30-19). Plasma and urinary levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, a-keto acids, and a-hydroxy acids (reduced a-keto acids) are elevated. The mechanism of toxicity is unknown. Early diagnosis, especially prior to 1 week of age, employs enzymatic analysis. Prompt replacement of dietary protein by an amino acid mixture that lacks leucine, isoleucine, and valine averts brain damage and early mortality. 

Early Diagnosis of Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland... 

Hahnemann, N. "Early Prenatal Diagnosis A Study of Biopsy Techniques and Cell Culturing from Extraembryonlc Membranes". Clin. Genet., (1974), 6, 294-306. 

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