Di octadecyl

Abbreviations. aT = a-tocopherol, AC = aminocoumarin, ANS = l-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid, CTAB = cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, DPPC = dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPH — l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DSHA = Ai-dansylhexadecylamine, GMO = glycerol monooleate, HC = hydrocoumarin, N,N -DOC = JV,JV -di(octadecyl)oxacarbocyanine, PC = phosphatidylcholine, p-CUO = pyrene caroboxaldehyde, SDES — sodium decyl sulfate, SDS — sodium dodecyl sulfate, STS = sodium tetradecyl sulfate. 

Di(octadecyl)hydroxylamine (18) (Seltzer et al., 1989 PospiSil and Nespurek, 1997) was recently introduced commercially for the stabilization of PO, PP in particular. 18 is a hydrolysis-resistant processing stabilizer used in combination with aromatic phosphites, and a long-term heat stabilizer used in combination with suitable HAS. Di-alkylhydroxylamine is considered as scavenger of radicals POO" and P. The latter are trapped by nitroxide or nitrone, arising from the parent hydroxylamine (Eq. 3-7). 

Liquid photographic developer dis- Octadecyl vinyl United States 3,907,695 1975 A.B. Amidon... 

DODP Di(octadecyl) phthalate (ISO) EBM Extrusion blow molding... 

Successful results have been obtained (Renfrew and Chaney, 1946) with ethyl formate methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec.-butyl and iso-amyl acetat ethyleneglycol diacetate ethyl monochloro- and trichloro-acetates methyl, n-propyl, n-octyl and n-dodecyl propionates ethyl butyrate n-butyl and n-amyl valerates ethyl laurate ethyl lactate ethyl acetoacetate diethyl carbonate dimethyl and diethyl oxalates diethyl malonate diethyl adipate di-n-butyl tartrate ethyl phenylacetate methyl and ethyl benzoates methyl and ethyl salicylates diethyl and di-n-butyl phthalates. The method fails for vinyl acetate, ieri.-butyl acetate, n-octadecyl propionate, ethyl and >i-butyl stearate, phenyl, benzyl- and guaicol-acetate, methyl and ethyl cinnamate, diethyl sulphate and ethyl p-aminobenzoate. 

Additives. Compounds are often added to the polymer at the extmder or melt homogenizer. Common additives are antioxidants (qv), thermal stabilizers, sHp agents, antiblock agents, anduv stabilizers. Popular antioxidants are 2,6-di-/-butyl-/)-cresol (BHT), octadecyl... 

Transesterification reactions between the methyl propionate and various alcohols produce another family of stabili2ers. Stearyl alcohol yields octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-/ f2 -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (27) (16), pentaerythritol gives the tetrakis ester (28) (17), and trishy dr oxyethyl isocyanurate gives (29) (18). 

A large number of hindered phenoHc antioxidants are based on the Michael addition of 2,6-di-/ f2 -butylphenol and methyl acrylate under basic catalysis to yield the hydrocinnamate which is a basic building block used in the production of octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-/ f2 butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, [2082-79-3], tetrakis(methylene-3(3,5-di-/ f2 butyl-4-hydroxylphenyl)propionate)methane [6683-19-8], and many others (63,64). These hindered phenolic antioxidants are the most widely used primary stabilizers in the world and are used in polyolefins, synthetic and natural mbber, styrenics, vinyl polymers, and engineering resins. 2,6-Di-/ f2 -butylphenol is converted to a methylene isocyanate which is trimerized to a triazine derivative... 

Quaternary ammonium compounds are usually named as the substituted ammonium salt. The anion is Hsted last (3). Substituent names can be either common (stearyl) or lUPAC (octadecyl). If the long chain in the compound is from a natural mixture, the chain is named after that mixture, eg, taHowalkyL Prefixes such as di- and tri- are used if an alkyl group is repeated. Complex compounds usually have the substituents Hsted in alphabetical order. Some common quaternary ammonium compounds and their appHcations in patent Hterature are Hsted in Table 1. 

These polymers are subjected to high temperatures, ca 300°C, duting extmsion and iajection molding. Processing stabilizers are used to decrease both the change ia viscosity of the polymer melt and the development of color. A phosphite, such as tris(2,4-di-/ f2 -butyiphenyi)phosphite (25) or bis(2,4-di-/ f2 butyiphenyi)pentaerythritol diphosphite [26741-53-7] ia combination with a phenoHc antioxidant such as octadecyl... 

Compound parts polymer, 100 Naugard 445 (substituted diphenyl amine), 2 Armeen 18D (octadecyl amine), 0.5 stearic acid, 2 Vanfre VAM (complex organic alkyl acid), 0.5 SRE Carbon Black (N774), 100 DIAK 1 (hexamethylenediamine), 1.25 and di-o-tolylguanidine, 4. 

In addition to stabilisers, antioxidants and ultra-violent absorbers may also be added to PVC compounds. Amongst antioxidants, trisnonyl phenyl phosphite, mentioned previously, is interesting in that it appears to have additional functions such as a solubiliser or chelator for PVC insoluble metal chlorides formed by reaction of PVC degradation products with metal stabilisers. Since oxidation is both a degradation reaction in its own right and may also accelerate the rate of dehydrochlorination, the use of antioxidants can be beneficial. In addition to the phenyl phosphites, hindered phenols such as octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tcrt-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyI)propionate and 2,4,6-tris (2,5-di-rcrt-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene may be used. 

Irganox 1076 [octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and diisooctyl phthalate were analyzed by GPC interfaced with both electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and NMR.1 A deuterochloroform solvent was used. It was noted that a parallel arrangement was necessary to avoid backpressure on the NMR flow-probe that can... 

Esters 4-5.3 ppm Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate... 

The phenols (no. 30a, 30b, 32) are used as reactants to synthesize several of the company s products, including the benzotriazoles. The 2-chloro-4,6-bls-isopropylam-ino-s-triazine (no. 13) are herbicides the chloro compound is used to control weeds and grass in corn and in milo, and the methoxy compound is used for general plant control. Several esters of 3-(3 ,5 -di-t-butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid were identified, the most abundant being the octadecyl and methyl esters. 

Octadecyl-3-(3, 5 -di-ferf-butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl) propionate (23) JSR BR-01 Japan Synthetic Rubber... 

At the end of the polymerization reaction, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-ferf-butyl-4-hydroxyl)propionate, and in addition 2,5-di-ferf-but-yl-p-cresol are added as antioxidants in order to protect the product during solvent elimination, drying and storage. Morphologies, such as rods, points or capsules can be obtained by tailoring the polydispersity of the poly(styrene) block (10). 

Phenolic antioxidants together in combination with thiodiprop-ionate compounds as synergists have been used for this purpose, e.g., n-octadecyl-3-(4 -hydroxy-3, 5 -di-ferf-butylphenyl)propionate and dilauryl thiodipropionate (14). These systems have a tendency to develop colored impurities as a byproduct of their antioxidant function. The production of colored impurities becomes particularly evident in spray drying processes that utilize partially inert atmospheres (12). 

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