Development interface agreement

The V-model XT first describes the customer—supplier relationship. This phase determines the product scope and the fundamental requirements and is comparable to part 8, Chap. 5 (Interfaces of the distributed development). Here the author refers to the interface agreement (DIA, Development Interface Agreement) between development partners. Those agreements should determine who is responsible for the various product development packages (or product elements) and who performs which activity (who does what). 

Ford s FMEA handbook also requires a Design-FMEA on system level, in order to ensure that the components interfaces are designed correctly. Aircraft standards require similar approaches also the Product-FMEA according to the VDA standard could provide a similar interpretation. Managing of failure interfaces can often be challenging, since often multiple suppliers need to be coordinated under the directions of OEM. ISO 26262 requires incorporating the coordination as safety activity in the development interface agreement (DIA). 

While general agreement has been reached concerning the catalytic behaviour of the product metal in promoting reaction, other aspects of the rate process have been less satisfactorily characterized these include the changes which precede nucleus formation, the distribution of such sites and development of the reaction interface. 

Barker et al.m have developed a photoemission method to obtain metal/electrolyte interfaces. Later, the method was applied by Brodsky etal.m 205 to Pb, Bi, Hg, Cd, and In good agreement (A ff=0 = 0.02 V) with impedance data10 was found. 

Johans et al. derived a model for diffusion-controlled electrodeposition at liquid-liquid interface taking into account the development of diffusion fields in both phases [91]. The current transients exhibited rising portions followed by planar diffusion-controlled decay. These features are very similar to those commonly observed in three-dimensional nucleation of metals onto solid electrodes [173-175]. The authors reduced aqueous ammonium tetrachloropalladate by butylferrocene in DCE. The experimental transients were in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The nucleation rate was considered to depend exponentially on the applied potential and a one-electron step was found to be rate determining. The results were taken to confirm the absence of preferential nucleation sites at the liquid-liquid interface. Other nucleation work at the liquid-liquid interface has described the formation of two-dimensional metallic films with rather interesting fractal shapes [176]. 

Recently, a simple solubilization theory has been developed to predict the equilibrium distribution of zwitterionic amino acids from information of the initial conditions of the system. This theory is based on the chemical and electrostatic interactions between the amino acids and active reverse micellar interface. The predictions of the model are in excellent agreement with the experimental results [201]. 

Monolayers of micro- and nanoparticles at fluid/liquid interfaces can be described in a similar way as surfactants or polymers, easily studied via surface pressure/area isotherms. Such studies provide information on the properties of particles (dimensions, interfacial contact angles), the structure of interfacial layers, interactions between the particles as well as about relaxation processes within the layers. Such type of information is important for understanding how the particles stabilize (or destabilize) emulsions and foams. The performed analysis shows that for an adequate description of II-A dependencies for nanoparticle monolayers the significant difference in size of particles and solvent molecules has be taken into account. The corresponding equations can be obtained by using a thermodynamic model developed for two-dimensional solutions. The obtained equations provide a satisfactory agreement with experimental data of surface pressure isotherms in a wide range of particle sizes between 75 pm and 7.5 nm. Moreover, the model can predict the area per particle and per solvent molecule close to real values. Similar equations were applied also to protein monolayers at liquid interfaces. 

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