Development differentiation

S1P2 Ubiquitous Gj/O. Gq, G12/13 Migration, vascular development, differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells... 

REGULATED EXPRESSION OF GENES IS REQUIRED FOR DEVELOPMENT, DIFFERENTIATION, ADAPTATION... 

Dolle, P., Price, M., and Duboule, D. (1992). Expression of the murine Dlx-1 homeobox gene during facial, ocular and limb development. Differentiation 49 93-99. 

Second, the technology has mediocre reproducibility. Software is available to morph images so that spots can be lined up such software is expensive, difficult to use, and not always accurate in its alignment. To overcome this problem and to simplify quantitative comparisons between samples, Unlu et al. (1997) developed differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE), where two samples are each labeled with different fluorescent tags, pooled, separated on the same gel, and scanned at characteristic wavelengths to resolve the components. This technology has been commercialized by Amersham. 

Specific lipid messengers are cleaved from reservoir phospholipids by phospholipases upon activation by various stimuli. These stimuli include neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, cytokines, membrane depolarization, ion channel activation and others. Lipid messengers regulate and interact with multiple other signaling cascades, contributing to the development, differentiation, function, protection and repair of the cells of the nervous system. 

Bunn, T.L. et al., Exposure to lead during critical windows of embryonic development Differential immunotoxic outcome based on stage of exposure and gender, Toxicol. Sci. 64, 57, 2001. 

Greenberg, R. A., R. C. Allsopp, L. Chin, G. B. Morin, and R. A. DePinho. 1998. Expression of mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase during development, differentiation and proliferation. Oncogene 16(13) 1723-30. 

Pluripotent cells continue to develop, differentiate, and specialize into different cells. They become the specialized stem cells, such as blood, skin, and nerve stem cells. These differentiated stem cells are multipotent that is, they have the potential to produce specialized cells. For example, blood stem cells in bone marrow produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, but not other types of cells. 

Thermal analysis is a term used to cover a group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance and/or its reaction product(s) is measured as a function of temperature. This experiment is confined to the area of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and, more specifically, its quantitative development, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [1-15]. 

Alterations to the development of the embryo, fetus, or neonatal animal, either morphological or functional, and caused by chemicals is termed "developmental toxicology." The result may involve interference with normal growth, homeostasis, development, differentiation, and/or behavior. 

The system Cl-butyl-cis-polybutadiene has been studied in some detail because it was suitable for the developed differential swelling technique and because this system of blends vulcanized with zinc oxide, sulfur, and thiuram disulfide first revealed the presence of interfacial bonds. This curative system has the feature of a flat cure —i.e.y the two homophases are vulcanized rapidly, and the crosslinked density does not increase radically as vulcanization time is prolonged. This is observed in Table IV by swelling and extractable levels of a series of crosslinked networks cured at increasing times and swollen in a common solvent, cyclohexane. 

Steroid hormones can increase and decrease the level and/or activity of a large number of proteins in eukaryotes. Steroid hormones were first discovered in humans, where they play essential roles in development, differentiation, homeostasis, and endocrine therapies. However, current interest in steroid hormones is increasing because they constitute excellent model systems for examining the control of gene expression. Many human pathologies result from the inappropriate expression of protein(s). Thus, to treat disease states, it is critical to understand the normal processes governing how, when, and how much of the information encoded in the DNA of cells is transcribed to mRNAs and eventually into proteins, which perform most of the functions of cells. Steroid hormones provide excellent model systems with which to address these clinically relevant questions. 

A distinct class of models that describe the chemical evolution of the Earth are the so-called box models, in which assumptions are made about the geometry of distinct reservoirs and their interactions. For example, one can assign four distinct reservoirs in the upper mantle, lower mantle, continental crust, and atmosphere and develop differential equations that incorporate radiogenic ingrowth, chemical fractionation effects, and assumptions about mass transfer between the reservoirs. Successful models reproduce the observed isotopic ratios and/or... 

Jankowski,]., Bedford, F and Kim, Y S. (1997). Changes in gene structure and regulation of E-cadherin during epithelial development, differentiation, and disease. Fragr Nud. Acids Res. Moi Bioi. 57, 187-215-... 

Protein-expression profiling, i.e., identify proteins in a sample as a function of the cellular state (life cycle development, differentiation, disease state). 

In this contribution a population balance model of influenza A vims replication during vaccine production in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell cultures is developed. Differentiation on the population level is described by a degree of infection, which is proportional to the amount of intracellular viral proteins. This can be measured directly using flow cytometry. It is shown that the model shows reasonable agreement with experimental data, although not all details of the inner dynamics can be fully reproduced. 

Bamford et al. ( 1 ) have presented the basic kinetics for free-radical polymerization of styrene, and Hamielec et al., (2 ) employing Bamford s nomenclature, developed differential equations that are the starting point for the mathematical model. 

Maillard I, Fang T, Pear WS. Regulation of lymphoid development, differentiation and function by the Notch pathway. An Rev Immunol 2005 23 945-74. 

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