Detergents inorganic builders

Zeolites are used as detergent builders, adsorbents, and catalysts. In the past decade, we saw the development of a variety of zeoiite membranes, and a number of investigators reported on the preparation of such membranes and their applications to a variety of separation systems. These research activities are motivated by features common to inorganic membranes, such as thermal resistance and resistance to organic solvents, and features unique to zeolite materials, such as molecular sieving, selective adsorption, and catalytic activity.In this article, the discussion will be restricted to zeolite membranes for use in separation and catalysis. First, an overview is presented on recent progress in zeolite membranes, followed by a discussion of our research activities. 

Features Compat. with inorganic detergent builders, organic chelates, nonionic surfactants, and polar solvents... 

Features With inorganic detergent builders, organic chelates, nonionic surfactants and polar solvents forms ion pairs with anionic soaps and surfactants Properties Cl., pale yei. Iiq. mild odor sp. gr. 0.940 dens. 7.84 Ib/gal flash pt. 

An unknown commercial detergent may contain some combination of anionic, nonionic, cationic, and possibly amphoteric surfactants, inorganic builders and fillers as weU as some minor additives. In general, the analytical scheme iacludes separation of nonsurfactant and inorganic components from the total mixture, classification of the surfactants, separation of iadividual surfactants, and quantitative determination (131). 

In the presynthetic surfactant era, soap was built (and still is) with alkaline salts such as soda ash, silicates, orthophosphates, and borates. These materials buffer the wash solution to a high pH and prevent soap protonation thus, the soap remains effective. Another type of builder is the neutral inorganic salt such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. These materials may improve detergency by increasing the ionic strength and altering the CMC of anionic surfactants. 

Current laundry detergents in powder form contain 8-25% surfactant and 30-80% builders. The builders are mainly inorganic salts, used at fairly high percentages, but a few organic polymeric materials are also used, at low percentages. Sodium polyacrylates have been recommended for use with sodium carbonate as builder. The polyacrylates prevent precipitation of insoluble carbonates (Nagarajan, 1985). 

Although these functions were recognized in the earlier literature, their relative importance has been affected by several recent developments. These include legislative restrictions on the amount or presence of phosphates in detergents and the use of alternate organic and inorganic builders as a consequence. 

The polycarboxylate builders inhibit the growth of inorganic crystals, which would be formed in their absence during the washing process when phosphate-free or low-phosphate detergents are used. Another function of the polycarboxylates is their ability to disperse soil as well as prevent redeposition of the soil and minimize incrustations of insoluble salts on the fabric. Polycarboxylates are also used as dispersants and to provide shine in formulations for automatic dishwashing machines. 

Modified Coco Diethanolamide Yellow Liquid Concentration, % 100 Superior detergent, wetting agent, and industrial hard-surface cleaners, and specialty cleaning compounds. Foam stabilizer and viscosity builder. Exhibits compatibility with inorganic builders in aqueous systems. 

Imparts detergency, wetting power, emulsification and lubricity. Has good compatibility with inorganic builders in aqueous systems. Dispersant and foaming agent especially suited for industrial and specialty cleaning compounds as well as conveyor chain lubricants. 

MACKAMIDE CDC is a modified cocamide which is compatible with inorganic builders and alkalies in aqueous systems. It was developed for Industrial cleaning formulations, which require good detergency in high alkaline systems. 

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