Detergent additive emulsification

Uses Emulsifier and wetting agent for agrochem. powds. and soivs. detergent additive, solubilizer, dispersant emulsifer for creams, lotions solubilizer for topical pharmaceuticals and shampoos... 

WATER-INITIATED EMULSIFICATION OF FUEL DETERGENTS AND DEPOSIT CONTROL ADDITIVES... 

Under certain conditions, fuel detergents, corrosion inhibitors, and other performance-enhancing additives can emulsify with water to form water-in-oil emulsions. Conditions of low pH, high pH, or high additive concentration may enhance the emulsification of polar organic compounds into fuel. 

Surfactants are frequently used in detergents and food products to alter the properties of solution interfaces, mediating between immiscible phases because of their hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. The addition of surfactants increases the concentration of hydrophobic compounds in the water phase by solubilization or emulsification above a specific threshold, the critical micellar concentration (CMC), where surfactant molecules aggregate to micelles [130]. Two widely utilized nonionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Triton X-100, were evaluated in terms of enzyme interaction, by calculating the inactivation coefficient (kA) under static conditions. Concentrations lower than CMC were studied in order to avoid diffusional limitations in the interaction of the enzyme and the PAH in the micellar phase. The concentration 0.25 CMC was considered the most favorable for the enzyme, with Triton X-100 being the surfactant that led to the lowest inactivation coefficients for all the concentrations tested and was 2.5 times lower than kd in control experiment. 

The surfactants so made have many interesting properties in addition to detergency. They are low-foaming, can tolerate alkalie, have emulsification and antistatic properties. They have rust Inhibition and are often used as lubricants. 

Silicates. The addition of sodium and potassium silicates to synthetic detergent has proved very beneficial. They have in solid or solution form important characteristics such as emulsification, buffering, deflocculation, and antiredeposition ability. 

The adsorption kinetics of a surfactant to a freshly formed surface as well as the viscoelastic behaviour of surface layers have strong impact on foam formation, emulsification, detergency, painting, and other practical applications. The key factor that controls the adsorption kinetics is the diffusion transport of surfactant molecules from the bulk to the surface [184] whereas relaxation or repulsive interactions contribute particularly in the case of adsorption of proteins, ionic surfactants and surfactant mixtures [185-188], At liquid/liquid interface the adsorption kinetics is affected by surfactant transfer across the interface if the surfactant, such as dodecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide [189], is comparably soluble in both liquids. In addition, two-dimensional aggregation in an adsorption layer can happen when the molecular interaction between the adsorbed molecules is sufficiently large. This particular behaviour is intrinsic for synergistic mixtures, such as SDS and dodecanol (cf the theoretical treatment of this system in Chapters 2 and 3). The huge variety of models developed to describe the adsorption kinetics of surfactants and their mixtures, of relaxation processes induced by various types of perturbations, and a number of representative experimental examples is the subject of Chapter 4. 

In addition to hardness control, builders serve other functions in a laundry detergent, such as increasing wash water pH to help cleaning through emulsification of oily soils. 

The polyol esters have many interesting properties which make them useful as additives in foodstuffs, cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations, detergents, etc. It is obvious that the functional properties of polyolesters, such as emulsification and stabilisation of emulsions, improvement of texture or consistency of foodstuffs, crystal modification, detergent activity etc.,are dependent largely on their chemical structure type of polyol and fatty acid,mono- di- triester ratio, presence of soap and free polyols, etc. For each specific application, the chemical composition has to be optimized. 

Uses Surfactant, wetting agent, emulsifer, stabilizer, antlstat, foaming agent for detergents, shampoos, cosmetics, textiles, metal plating, petrol, additives, paper, plastics, rubber gel sensitizer for latex foam hair conditioner Properties Gardner 4 max. cl. Ilq. sol. In water sp.gr. 0.997 vise. 2097 cp HLB 18,4 pour pt, 35 F flash pt. nonflamm. surf, tens. 30.8 dynes/cm (0.1%) 40% act. In water... 

Uses Oil-soluble emulsifier used in solvent degreasers, emulsion cleaners, dry-cleaning detergents, fuel oil additives, and down hole oil emulsification in adhesives for food pkg. 

Uses Emulsifer for min. oils additive for detergents intermediate for sulfonation Properties Liq. HLB 6.8 100% cone. 

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