Detector device

Chapter 8 written by Steve Vogel et al. also deals with sensitized emission based FRET methodology, but now using a spectral imaging detector device. Because a spectral detector and spectral unmixing software nowadays are standard options on the major commercial confocal microscopes, here a complete description is given how to quantify FRET from unmixed spectral components. 

Urban, M. and Piesch, E., Low Level Environmental Radon Dosimetry with a Passive Track Etch Detector Device, Rad. Prot. Dos. 1 97-109 (1981). 

There are several types of detectors, devices that can tell when a sample is passing by them. They detect the presence of a sample and convert it to an electrical signal that s turned into a GC peak (Fig. 109) on the chart recorder. The most common type is the thermal conductivity detector. Sometimes called hot-wire detectors, these devices are very similar to the filaments you... 

Urban, M. Piesch, E. (1981) Low level environmental radon dosimetry with a passive track etch detector device. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1, 97-109. 

A method to convert a region of a p-type HgCdTe body to n-type by the use of ion-etching is presented in EP-A-0062367. A high concentration of mercury is produced from an etched-away part of the body as to act as a dopant source. The method is used to form a detector device. 

When the commercial OMA (Model 1205, Princeton Applied Research Corporation, Princeton, NJ) became available, we recognized its potential as a replacement for the photomultiplier detector. The vidicon detector surface was divided into 500 channels, the image could be seen on a cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor in real time, the intensity profile was available in digital form, the profile could be time-averaged for any desired number of video scans, and the final profile was stored in internal memory for transfer to an external output device. Not only had a considerable amount of work gone into its development and the verification of performance, but its potential for use for a variety of physical techniques would ensure the construction of enough units to support further development of the system. Moreover the need for low-light-level detectors for other purposes would lead to further improvements in detector devices. 

The preceding discussions show that the amplitude at the midpoint between the slits but calculated now at the detector screen xD can be modulated in different manners this modulation should be reflected at the screen where we may place an energy conserving detector device. The quantum interactions at the two slits determine the type of response to be measured at the recording screen. The fringes may disappear if the amplitudes Q and C2 are independently changed thereby breaking coherence. 

In addition, some other aspects should also be addressed so that CE can be used as a routine method in this field. The most important points related to this include the development of new and better chiral selectors, detector devices, and addition of a cooling device in the CE apparatus. In addition, chiral capillaries should be developed and the CE device should be hyphenated with mass spectrometer, polarimetric, and circular dichroism detectors, which may result in good reproducibihty and improved limits of detection. The advancement of CE as a chiral analysis technique has not yet been fiilly explored and research in this direction is currently underway. In summary, there is much to be developed for the advancement of CE for the analysis of chiral pollutants. It is hoped that CE will be recognized as the technique of choice for chiral analysis of the environmental pollutants. 

Fig. 5) This figure shows a sketch of the investigated detector concept. An irradiated high mobility two-dimensional electron gas device is subjected to a constant magnetic field Bo, where Bo is chosen to correspond to a fixed point (marked as a dot on the top inset) of the resistance oscillations for incident radiation at a frequency f. The detector device function is realized by superimposing on the static magnetic field, a small time varying component, which has been shown here in blue. Then, a high harmonic, tuned band Terahertz sensor is realized by detecting the device resistance at a odd-harmonic multiple of the field modulation frequency, as the detector is illuminated by Terahertz radiation.

This equation makes it possible to calculate the relative orientation of crystal and detector device for each Bragg reflection, hkl, so that the detector can be oriented and then the intensity of the diffracted beam can be measured. 

Only general purpose equipment used in FI systems is described in this chapter, together with its proper usage, particularly in separation and preconcentration applications. Included are solution delivery (propulsion) devices, injection and multi-functional valves, transport and mixing systems, and the most frequently used detectors. Devices used for specific separation purposes are described in the corresponding chapters on individual separation techniques. 

After their excitation from a bound state within an atom, the photo electrons have to move through the other electron shells of the atom, through the lattice of a solid sample, through the surface barrier into the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) of the instrument and through the environment of the analyzer-detector device. The cross section of scattering processes with any matter is very large for elec-... 

LEAK DETECTOR - Device or instrument such as a halide torch, an electronic sniffer or soap solution used to detect leaks. 

Some relevant detector device parameters have yet to be considered [5.133, 134]. These are determined in part by the photocathode but also in part by the electrode-portions of the photoemissive device residual dark current and NEP are, for example, partly characteristics of the photocathode and partly limited by the remaining design of the detector device. 

There are also two detector devices that are gaining popularity for fluorescence lifetime studies due to their fast time response the microchannel plate photodetectors and streak cameras. MicroChannel plate photodetectors, similar to PMTs, are based on the use of multiplication of photoelectrons. Instead of using discrete dynodes, continuous semiconductor-coated glass multiplier tubes of 10 pm diameter... 

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