Detection of Microorganisms

API Serial Dilution Method. The API serial dilution method is the most widely used method for the detection of microorganisms. Field test methods for estimating bacterial populations have been standardized. A standard method dealing with the dose-response (time-kill) testing for evaluating biocides has been established. Sampling methods are of special importance because effective sampling is essential to any successful analysis. 

A range of biomarkers (biological markers) have been developed for the detection of microorganisms using both their genetic (DNA and RNA) and biochemical components. Most methods have originated from studies on pure isolates and have been adapted to identify and quantify either the total or a sub.set of the microbial biomass in a sample. In these methods,. specific taxonomic or pheno-... 

Table 6 Examples of Some of the Fatty Acids Used for the Detection of Microorganisms in Environmental Samples...

Bej, A. K. Mahbubani, M. H. DiCesare, J. L. Atlas, R. M. Polymerase chain reaction-gene probe detection of microorganisms by using filter-concentrated samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1991,57, 3529-3534. 

Fluorescent stains such as DAPI and ethidium bromide bind to DNA (sometimes even mitochondrial DNA) and have many uses, including location of nuclei and rapid detection of microorganisms or virus formation (22). The lipophilic stain DiOC(6) can be used to stain mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in living cells (23,24), and is also a potential-sensitive stain. 

Irudayaraj, J., Yang, H., and Sakhamuri, S. (2002). Differentiation and detection of microorganisms using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. /. Mol. Struct. 606,181-188. 

RAPID DETECTION OF MICROORGANISMS IN ASEPTIC PRODUCTS USING AN ATP BIOLUMINESCENT SYSTEM... 

When DNA sequences for the specific detection of microorganisms (16S rRNA gene) or for the specific detection of functional genes involved in... 

The detection of target compounds in real time would be the ideal tool for the industry to monitor unwanted contaminants and avoid economical losses due to holding processing activities and storage of suspicious batches. Biosensors, among other sensors, have been widely used in the industry for different applications, including the detection of microorganisms and toxins (Baeumner, 2003). 

FIGURE 4.37 (See color insert.) Comparison of the capabilities of four microbiological methods at detection of microorganisms in samples typical of the oil industry. (Reproduced from Eckert R. and Skovhus T.L., Materials Performance, 50, 8, 50-54, 2001. With permission.)... 

Reppy and co-workers reported the detection of microorganisms based on antibody functionalized poly diacetylene vesicles prepared from 10,12-pen tacosa-diynoic acid. The polymerized liposomes were deposited on polylysine treated membranes. Out of PDVF, MCE, CN, Nylon, and PC, only MCE and PC membranes were found suitable for storing the Uposome-eoated membranes for extended periods of time (up to 13 months). The coated membranes act as sieves and were used to detect the presence of E. coli. Filtration of the solution increases E. coli concentration at the membrane and enhanced the color changes. 

The topics discussed in the book include electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization based on latex/gold nanoparticles and nanotubes nanomaterial-based electrochemical DNA detection electrochemical detection of microorganism-based DNA biosensor gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical DNA biosensors electrochemical detection of the aptamer-target interaction nanoparticle-induced catalysis for DNA biosensing basic terms regarding electrochemical DNA (nucleic acids) biosensors screen-printed electrodes for electrochemical DNA detection application of field-effect transistors to label-free electrical DNA biosensor arrays and electrochemical detection of nucleic acids using branched DNA amplifiers. 

Major Applications Fluorescent brighteners, fungicides, cosmetics, antitrypanosomal, " anti-leishmanial activities, " antifungal," antibacterial," Antiinflammatory, 12 antiHIV, detection of microorganisms, - treatment of impaired neurotransmission disorders, Alzheimer s disease, vascular and lymphatic edema cancer, early diagnosis of stroke, " dental material, " drug-coated coronary stent system ... 

Eden, G. Detection of microorganisms with a fluorescence-based device. PCX hit. Appl. WO 2006022823, 2006 Chem. Abstr. 2006,144, 228817. 

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