Destruction of Hazardous

Lunn, G., and Sansone, E.B. (1994) Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory, Wiley, Chichester. 

Technology Description Infrared radiators can be used as the heat source in the destruction of hazardous waste. This system (Figure 35) is made up of a primary chamber consisting of a rectangular carbon steel box lined with layers of a light weight. 

Thermal oxidizers Devices used for the destruction of hazardous or toxic gases by oxidation at elevated gas temperature, producing primarily carbon diox ide and water. 

Fitzpatrick, V. F. Timmerman Buelt, J. L., In situ vitrification - A candidate process for in situ destruction of hazardous waste Pacific West Laboratory, PNL-SA-14065 (1986)... 

The primary objective is to develop an appropriate range of waste management options to be analyzed more fully in the detailed analysis phase of the FS.12 Appropriate waste management ensures the protection of human health and the environment. It may involve, depending on site-specific circumstances, complete elimination or destruction of hazardous substances at the site, significant reduction of concentrations of hazardous substances to acceptable health-based levels, and prevention of exposure to hazardous substances via engineering or institutional controls, or some combination of the above. 

Project Title An Investigation of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sonochemistry for Destruction of Hazardous Waste... 

Many types of incinerators may be used for thermal destruction of hazardous wastes, including the following basic types [54] ... 

Destruction of hazardous organic materials, without the production of dioxin... 

See also P. Patnaik, A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 2nd ed. (New York Wiley, 1999) G. Lunn and E. B. Sansone, Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory (New York Wiley, 1994) and M. A. Armour, Hazardous Laboratory Chemical Disposal Guide (Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1991). 

G. Lunn and E. B. Sansone, Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratoy, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1990. 

G. R. Lester, "Catalytic Destruction of Hazardous Halogenated Organic Chemicals," presented at the 8 2nd Annual AWMA Meeting Exhibition,... 

Blake DM. Solar processes for the destruction of hazardous chemicals. In Sterrett F, eds. Alternative Fuels and the Environment. Boca Raton, FL Lewis, 1994 175-186. 

It has been proposed that mediated electrochemical oxidation may be used for the ambient temperature destruction of hazardous waste. Using Co(III)- -mediated electrochemical oxidation in sulfuric acid, l,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2-chloro-l-propanol were oxidized to carbon dioxide259. A series of studies is being conducted on the use of the anodic oxidation of barium peroxide to produce an intermediate that leads to destruction of halogenated organic compounds. 

But at the same time the regulation drafters are faced with the still more difficult job of doing a risk evaluation. That is, they must recommend public policy decisions as to the acceptable levels of risks for a variety of hazardous waste activities, e.g., acceptable minimums for the efficiency of destruction of hazardous wastes by incineration. In principle, this process may be not unlike the decisions made by a banker about a potential loan, or an insurance underwriter in setting the rate for an insurance policy a risk assessment is made, and an appropriate safety margin is factored into the interest rate or the policy premium to arrive at an acceptable level of risk for the individual case (but based on experience and projections for a large number of cases). 

Nimlos MR, Jacoby WA, Blake DM, Milne TA (1993) Direct Mass Spectrometric Studies of the Destruction of Hazardous Wastes. 2. Gas-Phase Photocatalytic Oxidation of Trichloroethylene over Ti02 Products and Mechanisms, Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 rn-TAO. 

Due to their peculiar solvent properties, supercritical fluids offer a range of unusual chemical possibilities such as in environmentally benign separation and destruction of hazardous waste, as well as for new materials synthesisd" These intriguing reaction media make it possible to sensitively control reaction rate and selectivity with changes in temperature and pressure. The thermophysical properties of water as well as more than 70 other fluid systems have been formulated and/or compiled by lAPWS and NIST. ... 

The destruction of hazardous chemical wastes by oxidation in supercritical water is a promising new technology which has several advantages over conventional methods of toxic chemical waste disposal. Although the feasibility of the supercritical water oxidation process has been demonstrated, there is little kinetic information available on the underlying reaction mechanisms. We have recently determined the oxidation kinetics of several model compounds in supercritical water, and now report on our results of the oxidation of methanol, a conunon industrial solvent, in supercritical water. Globd kinetic expressions are presented and our attempts to model the reaction using a free-radical mechanism with 56 elementary reactions are discussed. The inability of the elementary reaction model to represent oxidation in supercritical water is demonstrated and future model modifications are discussed. 

Extraction and Destruction of Hazardous Materials BY Supercritical Lluids Example Problems Nomenclature References Appendix... 

EXTRACTION AND DESTRUCTION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS... 

Supercritical fluid extraction has been widely used in petroleum, pharmaceutical, food, polymer, and environmental industries (20,21). Supercritical fluids have also been adopted as a reacting medium, such as that in the destruction of hazardous wastes. Examples of these technologies include ... 

---