Design cycle reduction

Lower-cost batteries. For applications that do not require both a long cycle-life and a high level of reliability under extreme conditions, less expensive, standard fiat-plate, gel batteries can prove cost-effective. These batteries typically provide 800 cycles to 75% DoD, which is half that of the purpose-built designs. This reduction in cycle-life is primarily related to the use of less robust positive plates (typically 3-mm thick) and less attention to detail in the general construction of the... 

The application of waste-management practices in the United States has recently moved toward securing a new pollution prevention ethic. The performance of pollution prevention assessments and their subsequent implementation will encourage increased activity into methods that 1 further aid in the reduction of hazardous wastes. One of the most important and propitious consequences of the pollution-prevention movement will be the development of life-cycle design and standardized hfe-cycle cost-accounting procedures. These two consequences are briefly discussed in the two paragraphs that follow. Additional information is provided in a later subsection. 

Water injection, or steam injection systems, are being used extensively to augment power. Corrosion problems in the compressor diffuser and combustor have not been found to be major problems. The increase in work and efficiency with a reduction in NO makes the process very attractive. Split-shaft cycles are attractive for use in variable-speed mechanical drives. The off-design characteristics of such an engine are high efficiency and high torque at low speeds. 

Economizers are one of several types of FW heaters, all of which are designed to provide thermodynamic gains in the steam cycle. They typically are located in the exit gas system, where their use improves overall boiler efficiency, which tends to increase by 1 % for every 40 to 50 °F (22-28 °C) reduction in flue gas temperature... 

The nozzle of original design was fabricated from a niobium alloy coated with niobium silicide and could not operate above 1320°C. This was replaced by a thin shell of rhenium protected on the inside by a thin layer of iridium. The iridium was deposited first on a disposable mandrel, from iridium acetylacetonate (pentadionate) (see Ch. 6). The rhenium was then deposited over the iridium by hydrogen reduction of the chloride. The mandrel was then chemically removed. Iridium has a high melting point (2410°C) and provides good corrosion protection for the rhenium. The nozzle was tested at 2000°C and survived 400 cycles in a high oxidizer to fuel ratio with no measurable corrosion.O l... 

Abstract Recent advances in the metal-catalyzed one-electron reduction reactions are described in this chapter. One-electron reduction induced by redox of early transition metals including titanium, vanadium, and lanthanide metals provides a variety of synthetic methods for carbon-carbon bond formation via radical species, as observed in the pinacol coupling, dehalogenation, and related radical-like reactions. The reversible catalytic cycle is achieved by a multi-component catalytic system in combination with a co-reductant and additives, which serve for the recycling, activation, and liberation of the real catalyst and the facilitation of the reaction steps. In the catalytic reductive transformations, the high stereoselectivity is attained by the design of the multi-component catalytic system. This article focuses mostly on the pinacol coupling reaction. 

Life Cycle Analysis of projects to develop Design and Construction processes that address Energy Efficiency and the Reduction of GHG Production. 

As noted above, batch and semi-batch-based operations result in periodic high loads and subsequent over-design and increased capital cost. By destroying the hypochlorite in situ, within the scrubber recycle loop, the end of cycle concentration can be reduced and the load on the end-of-pipe hypochlorite destruction system lowered allowing an overall cost reduction. The reduced free chlorine concentration also leads to improved process safety, although increased heat removal is required. 

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