Derivatives colored

During fermentation, the betacyanins turned out to be more stable than the betaxanthins, which is assumed to be due to their thermal stability rather than different tendencies of pigments toward microbial degradation. Besides these biological tools, beet extracts may also be purified by column chromatographic techniques. After removal of sugars, salts, and phenolics, the nature-derived color preparation will, however, require E number labeling. ... 

Color additives are naturally and synthetically derived. In the past 20 years, consumers have become increasingly aware of the ingredients in their foods and they desire foods be as natural as possible. This fact combined with technological developments have fueled the increases in uses of naturally derived colors. Moreover, additives must be safe and stable in food matfices. Legislation has established which colorants may be used as food additives, taking into account toxicity of compounds and methods of assessment. The European Union currently allows the use of 13 naturally derived colors but 26 colors are exempt from certification... 

Conoco operated a stirred tank Pfaudler glass-lined reactor for the batch S03 sulfonation of detergent alkylate. The plant utilized over-the-fence S03 converter gas (8% S03 in dry air) having 6-8 h batch cycles (264). Allied Chemical Company provided details for batch S03 sulfonation (265,266) and Conoco also published their procedure for S03 batch sulfonation (267). Andrew Jergens Company patented a cyclic batch sulfonation and sulfation process introducing nondiluted S03 vapors into a venturi contacter that emitted reaction product into a stirred reservoir tank where it was recycled from the reservoir vessel through a heat exchanger and back to the venturi in the cyclic loop. The unit operated in a vacuum (268). Derived color quality was unspecified. 

The destruction of color centers (1,3) by heating can result in bleaching or fading. Examples are brown or blue topaz, red tourmaline, smoky quartz, and some yellow sapphire. In other instances there may be a color change as when amethyst turns into yellow citrine, or when the heating of a brown topaz reveals the presence of a previously hidden Cr-derived color in a pinked topaz. These changes can usually be reversed by an irradiation treatment. 

Despite the economic importance of rosaniline (aniline red, magenta) (6) and its derivatives during the 1860s and after, there was no clear structural information about aniline-derived colorants, at least until 1878. Then, through the joint work of the cousins Emil and Otto Fischer, the search for the parent compound of 6 was successfully concluded with publication of the modern structures for aniline dyes. The Fischers starting point had been Caro and Wanklyn s work on 6 and rosolic acid (13). 

Immunoassays, analytical procedures based on the specific binding of animal-derived antibodies to a target molecule (10), have been developed as rapid methods for detection of pesticides in soil and water samples. Field samples can be analyzed on site after water or solvent extraction using a visualization method, which generally involves reaction of the antibody-pesticide complex with an enzymatically derived colored product. The most sensitive and quantitative method for monitoring the color reaction is spectrophotometry. 

Synonyms 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-a-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1 -methyl-9,10-dioxo- 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-p-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo- Cl 75470 Cl Natural red 4 Cochineal tincture 7-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1 -methyl-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid 7-Glucopyranosyl 3,4,5,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-car1)oxy acid Natural red 4 Definition Naturally derived color from the insect, Coccus cacti, the essential constituent of carmine Empiricai C22H20O13... 

Definition Botanically derived color obtained from green plants... 

Manganese complex compds, ar.. Metallocenes, Tropenium salts) 17, 480 —, colored (s. a. Derivatives, colored. Dyes) 20, 279 —, heteropolar s. Heteropolar compounds... 

Fig. 14 Halogen bonds blue dotted lines) formed by chloride anions with the iodine atom of neutral X -iodane derivatives. Color codes as in Fig. 7...

PTH derivative Color properties NH4OH color change... 

Roy, G. Berardi, R. Chan, W. Lee, X. Prevention of synthetic color fading in beverages nsing botanically derived color stabilizers such as phenylpropenoic carbonyl compounds. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. US 2004091589, 2004 Chem. Abstr. 2004, 140, 405940. 

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