Deoxyribonucleic acids sequencing

D.S. Kim, H.J. Park, H.M. Jung, J.K. Shin, Y.T. Jeong, P. Choi, J.H. Lee, and G. Lim, Field-effect transistor-based biomolecular sensor employing a Pt reference electrode for the detection of deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. Jpn, J. Appl. Phys. 43, 3855-3859 (2004). 

Goes fishing after work. The conservation agents who manage the stream use biochemical information from the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences to track the genetics of the fish population. 

Bergstrom DE, Zhang P, Toma PH, Andrews PC, Nichols R (1995) Synthesis, structure, and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing with a universal nucleoside l-(2 -deoxy-p-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-nitropyrrole. J Am Chem Soc 117 1201-1209... 

In particular, the unique properties of polypyrrole-carbon nanotubes allowed the detection of hybridization reactions with complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequences via a decrease in impedance [115], Alternatively, similar deoxyribonucleic acid sensors have been created from a composite of polypyrrole and carbon nanotube functionalized with carbon groups to covalently immobilize deoxyribonucleic acid into carbon nanotubes [116, 117]. Carbon nanotubes have also been incorporated into biosensors as nanotube arrays into which enzymes can be immobilized, along with a conducting polymer [118] and a polypyrrole dopan [119]. In general, the presence of carbon nanotubes tends to increase the overall sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors. 

Dowhan, D. H., Downes, M, Sturm, R. A, and Muscat, GEO. (1994) Identification of deoxyribonucleic acid sequences that bind Retinoid-X Receptor-y with high affinity. Endocrinology 135,2595-2607. 

Nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)) probes utilize labeled, ie, radioactive, enzymatic, or fluorescent, fragments of DNA or RNA (the probe) to detect complimentary DNA or RNA sequences in a sample. Because the probe is tailored for one specific nucleic acid, these assays are highly specific and very sensitive (45). 

The Nucleotide Sequence in Deoxypentosenucleic Acids. Part IV. The Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Mycobacterium phlei," A. S. Jones, M. Stacey, and B. E. Watson, /. Chem. Soc., (1957) 2454-2459. 

Since the discovery of the double hehcal structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by Watson and Crick in 1953 [1], there has been considerable belief that the canonical right-handed B-DNA may adopt a wide range of different conformations depending on the nucleotide sequences and environmental conditions. This speculation turned out to be a reahty [2-10]. hi hving systems, the conformational flexibility of DNA resides primarily in the polymorphs of the DNA double hehx (including right-handed and left-handed double hehcal DNA) and occurs under various environmental conditions [4j. The main family of DNA forms identified, based on circular dichroic and... 

The discovery of the base-paired, double-helical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) provides the theoretic framework for determining how the information coded into DNA sequences is replicated and how these sequences direct the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. Already clinical medicine has taken advantage of many of these discoveries, and the future promises much more. For example, the biochemistry of the nucleic acids is central to an understanding of virus-induced diseases, the immune re-sponse, the mechanism of action of drugs and antibiotics, and the spectrum of inherited diseases. 

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) A double-stranded molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides that encodes genetic information. The base sequence of each single strand can be deduced from that of its partner since base pairs form only between the bases A and T and between G and C. 

See also Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base-pair sequencing of, 22 11 molecular structure of, 22 10 capillary electrophoresis, 4 636-637 chemical analysis of ancient, 5 750-751 contact print, 22 504 as a vaccine, 25 502-503... 

All cells in living organisms contain the large nucleic acid molecules of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Both these molecules are polymers of nucleotides. DNA is found in chromosomes, and genes are unique sequences of DNA nucleotides. The genes contain the inheritable information which together with RNA directs the synthesis of all the cell s proteins. 

A second major area of biochemical importance concerns study of nucleotide polymerization to produce ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). Genes, the basis for inherited characteristics, are contained in DNA double-helical sections incorporated into coiled and supercoiled DNA structures. Genomics, the study of the total genetic assemblage of any species, is now a well-known topic to all, especially with the announcement of the sequencing of the human genome in 2001. More information on this topic is given in Section 2.3.6. 

Three major components in the transmission of genetic information are deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), ribonucleic acids (RNA), and proteins. The genetic code expressed through DNA ultimately determines which proteins a cell will produce. Coiled and supercoiled DNA molecules contain numerous sequences of nucleotides that may be transcribed as RNAs and translated to many different proteins. DNA molecules also contain long sequences of nucleotides not coding for protein and whose purpose is not completely understood. A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that encodes a sequence of messenger... 

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