Carbon nanotube polypyrrole

Y. Long, Z. Chen, X. Zhang, J. Zhang, and Z. Liu, Electrical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocables percolation-dominated conductivity, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 37, 1965 1970 (2004). 

K.H. An, S.Y. Jeong, H.R. Hwang, and Y.H. Lee, Enhanced sensitivity of a gas sensor incorporating single-walled carbon nanotube-polypyrrole nanocomposites, Adv. Mater., 16, 1005-1009 (2004). 

N. Ferrer-Anglada, M. Kaempgen, and S. Roth, Transparent and flexible carbon nanotube/ polypyrrole and carbon nanotube, Phys. status solidi. B, 243, 3519-3523 (2006). 

A. Callegari, S. Cosnier, M. Marcaccio, D. Paolucci, F. Paolucci, V. Georgakilas, N. Tagmatarchis, E. Vazquez, and M. Prato, Functionalised single wall carbon nanotubes/ polypyrrole composites for the preparation of amperometric glucose biosensors, J. Mater. Chem., 14(5), 807-810 (2004). 

J.Y. Kim, K.H. Kim, and K.B. Kim, Fabrication and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotube/polypyrrole composite film electrodes with controlled pore size, J. Power Sources, 176(1), 396 02 (2008). 

P., Yang, Y., Shi, , Shen, Q., Shang, Y., Wu, S., Wei, J., Wang, K., Zhu, H., Yuan, Q., Cao, A, Wu, D., 2014. Core-double-shell, carbon nanotube polypyrrole MnO(2) sponge as freestanding, compressible supercapacitor electrode. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 5228-5234. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. 

In in-situ polymerization, nanoscale particles are dispersed in the monomer or monomer solution, and the resulting mixture is polymerized by standard polymerization methods. This method provides the opportunity to graft the polymer onto the particle surface. Many different types of nanocomposites have been processed by in-situ polymerization. Some examples for in-situ polymerization are polypyrrole nanoparticle/amphiphilic elastomer composites magnetite coated multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocomposites and polypyrrole/ silver nanocomposites. The key to in-situ polymerization is appropriate dispersion of the filler in the monomer. This often requires modification of the particle surface because, although dispersion is easier in a liquid than in a viscous melt, the settling process is also more rapid. 

Raicopol M., Pruna A., and Pilan L., Supercapacitance of single-walled carbon nanotubes-polypyrrole composites, / Chem., 2013, Article ID 367473, 7 pages, 2013,001 10.1155/2013/367473. 

The specific capacity of 163F/g has been obtained for multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole composites prepared by coating the polypyrrole on carbon nanotubes through electrochemical polymerization, whereas it is only 50 F/g for the pristine nanotube [44]. 

Multiwalled carbon nanotube-polypropylene Multiwalled carbon nanotube-high-density polyethylene Multiwalled carbon nanotube-polyimides Single-walled carbon nanotube-vinylene Carbon nanotube-polyether ether ketone Multiwalled carbon nanotube-polycarbonate TjOj-coated multiwalled carbon nanotube-epoxy composites Carbon nanotube polyetherimide and epoxy resins Carbon nanotube polypyrrole... 

Long Y, Chen Z, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu Z. Electrical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocables Percolation dominated conductivity. J Phys D Appl Phys 2004 37 1965-1969. 

Electronically conducting polymers (ECPs) such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and po 1 y(3.4-cthy 1 cncdi oxyth iophcnc) (PEDOT) have been applied in supercapacitors, due to their excellent electrochemical properties and lower cost than other ECPs. We demonstrated that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared by catalytic decomposition of acetylene in a solid solution are very effective conductivity additives in composite materials based on ECPs. In this paper, we show that a successful application of ECPs in supercapacitor technologies could be possible only in an asymmetric configuration, i.e. with electrodes of different nature. 

G. Cheng, J. Zhao, Y. Tu, P. He, and Y. Fang, A sensitive DNA electrochemical biosensor based on magnetite with a glassy carbon electrode modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in polypyrrole. Anal. Chim. Acta 533, 11-16 (2005). 

Joshi PP, Merchant SA, Wang YD, Schmidtke DW (2005). MEMS sensor material based on polypyrrole-carbon nanotube nanocomposite film deposition and characterization. J. Micromech. Microengin. 5 2019-2027. 

Nanomaterials can also be applied to glucose biosensors to enhance the properties of the sensors and, therefore, can lead to smaller sensors with higher signal outputs. Carbon nanotubes have been incorporated in previously developed sensors and seen to increase the peak currents observed by threefold.89 Platinum nanoparticles and single-wall carbon nanotubes have been used in combination to increase sensitivity and stability of the sensor.90,91 CdS quantum dots have also been shown to improve electron transfer from glucose oxidase to the electrode.92,93 Yamato et al. dispersed palladium particles in a polypyrrole/sulfated poly(beta-hydro-xyethers) and obtained an electrode response at 400 mV, compared to 650 mV, at a conventional platinum electrode.94... 

Yogeswaran et al., designed a new bimetallic nanoparticles (Au and Pt) modified electrodes for simultaneous determination of AA, EP and UA [169], First, a composite film comprising of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes and nafion was formed on the GC electrode. Then Au and Pt NPs were electrochemically deposited on to the composite film modified GC electrode. The voltammetric peaks of AA, EP and UA are well resolved with the peak separations of 222 mV and 131 mV respectively. Lu et al., demonstrated the determination of UA on GC electrode electrodeposited with AuNPs and DNA [170], Clean GC electrode was immersed into a AuNPs colloidal solution and a potential of +1.5 V is applied for 60 min for the deposition of AuNPs. Then the electrode was dipped into a DNA solution (0.1 mg/ml) and a potential of +1.5 V is applied for 30 min to electrodeposit DNA. Finally, DNA/AuNPs modified electrode excellently separates the voltammetric signals of UA, NEP and AA. Li et al., electrodeposited AuNPs on the GC electrode modified with the ultrathin overoxidized polypyrrole film [171], The modified determines the UA in the presence of EP and AA with a lowest detection limit of 1.2 x 10"8 M. 

Gao, M., Dai, L., and Wallace, G.G. 2003. Glucose sensors based on glucose-oxidase-containing polypyrrole/aligned carbon nanotube coaxial nanowire electrodes. Syntheticmet 137, 1393-1394. 

An, K.H., Jeon, K.K., Heo, J.K., et al. (2002). High-capacitance supercapacitor using a nanocomposite electrode of single-waUed carbon nanotube and polypyrrole. J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, A1058-62. 

Chen, J.H., Huang, Z.P., Wang, D.Z., et al. (2001). Electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole/carbon nanotube nanoscale composites using weU-aligned carbon nanotube arrays. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process, 73, 129-31. 

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