Dentist

The total value of dental suppHes and equipment manufactured in the United States in 1992 is estimated at ca 1.2 biUion. These materials are used by ca 170,000 practicing dentists (1992) and >8, 500 commercial dental laboratories employing ca 40—50,000 technicians. The dental materials market is limited because the pubHc does not buy direcdy except for toothpastes, mouthwashes, toothbmshes, denture aids, etc (see Dentifrices). 

Veneering Investments. These are phosphate bonded and contain finely ground quart2, 2irconium oxide, and/or titanium oxide to produce highly refractory, low expansion dies of fine detail. The dies are formed within impressions taken of teeth that the dentist has prepared in anticipation of covering the front surface with an aesthetic ceramic veneer. Porcelain or ceramic powders are shaped to detail on the dies and these are fired at high (- 1000° C) temperatures to produce the veneers. The veneers are then cemented to the front surface of the previously prepared teeth. 

Type A waxes are hard waxes used when an extra hard wax is preferred by the dentist in making patterns in the mouth. Type B waxes are medium waxes used by most dentists to make patterns in the mouth. Type C waxes are soft waxes used for making patterns outside the mouth. 

The phases and their proportions present ia hardened amalgam are controlled by many factors. The composition of the alloy the size, shape, and size distribution of the particles the thermal history of the cast ingot and the comminuted alloy and the surface treatment of the particles are some of the factors for which the manufacturer is responsible. The tooth cavity preparation and the mixing, compacting, and finishing techniques of the dentist can make the difference between satisfactory and unsatisfactory restorations, even with the best of alloys. A minimal amount of residual mercury and porosity are needed to obtain the most serviceable restorations (138). 

Today, stainless steels find their primary use in wrought form for temporary appHcations such as orthodontic wires, brackets, and temporary crowns. The temporary crowns are obtained in preformed sizes/shapes and then are trimmed by the dentist with shears to fit over prepared teeth that are awaiting the fabrication of permanent cast crowns. 

Dentist s Desk Reference Materials, Instruments and Equipment, 1st ed., Ameiican Dental Assoc., Chicago, 1981, p. 97. 

J. Couper and W. Rader, Applied Finance and Economic Analysis for S dentists and Engineers, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1986. 

Anesthesia Anesthesia is a loss of sensation or feeling. Anesthesia (or "anesthetics") is often used deliberately by doctors and dentists to block pain and other sensations during surgical procedures. Treatment for pre- or postoperative pain is called analgesia. 

Zahn-. tooth, dental, odonto-, toothed, notched, zatm hnlich, a. toothhke, (Anat.) odontoid. Zatmarzt, m. dentist, zatmkrzthch, a. dentist s, dental. 

Today, hydraulic power is used to operate many different tools and mechanisms. In a garage, a mechanic raises the end of an automobile with a hydraulic jack. Dentists and barbers use hydraulic power to lift and position their chairs. Hydraulic doorstops keep heavy doors from slamming. Hydraulic brakes have been standard equipment on automobiles since the 1930s. Most automobiles are equipped with automatic transmissions... 

Novocaine hydrochloride is about 200 times as soluble as novocaine itself. When your dentist injects "Novocaine." the liquid in the syringe is a water solution of novocaine hydrochloride. 

Prescription drugs are drugs that the federal government has designated to be potentially harmful unless their use is supervised by a licensed health care provider, such as a nurse practitioner, physician, or dentist. Although these drugs have been tested for safety and therapeutic effect, prescription drugs may cause different reactions in some individuals. 

Before a medication can be administered in a hospital or other agency the nurse must have a physician s order. Medications are ordered by the primary health care provider such as a physician, dentist, or in some cases a nurse practitioner. 

All healdi care workers, including physicians, dentists, nurses, and healdi personnel must always be informed of all dm (prescription and nonprescription) currently being taken on a regular or occasional basis. 

The exact names of all prescription and nonprescription drains currendy being taken should be kept in a wallet or purse for instant reference when seeing a physician, dentist, or otiier health care provider. 

Take the drug exacdy as prescribed by the primary health care provider. Do not increase or decrease die dosage, and do not take any over-the-counter (OTC) drug without first consulting the primary health care provider. Notify the primary health care provider or dentist if the pain is not relieved. 

If surgery or a dental procedure, such as tooth extraction or gum surgery, is anticipated, notify the primary health care provider or dentist. Salicylates may be discontinued 1 week before the procedure because of die possibility of postoperative bleeding. 

Inform dentists and other primary care providers of therapy with this drug. 

Inform die dentist and otiier primary healdi care providers of use of this drug. 

D. Visit a dentist frequently because this drug increases the risk of gum disease... 

Relieve dry mouth by sucking on hard candy (unless die patient has diabetes) or frequent sips of water. Consult a dentist if dryness of die moudi interferes widi wearing, inserting, or removing dentures or causes other dental problems. 

The physician or dentist administers a local injectable anesthetic. Table 35-1 lists the more commonly used local anesdietics. 

Do not take or stop taking otiier drug except on the advice of the primary healtii care provider. This includes nonprescription drug, as well as those prescribed by a primary healtii care provider or dentist. 

Inform die dentist or other primary healtii care providers of tiierapy with this drug before any treatment or procedure is started or drug are prescribed. 

Use a soft toodibrush and consult a dentist regarding routine oral hygiene, including die use of dental floss. Use an electric razor when possible to avoid small skin cuts. 

Advise your dentist or primary health care provider of anticoagulant therapy before any procedure or surgery. 

Inform other primary health care providers, dentists, and all medical personnel of therapy with this drug. Wear a medical alert tag or other form of identification to alert medical personnel of long-term therapy with a glucocorticoid. 

Always inform other physicians, dentists, and medical personnel of tiierapy witii tins drug. 

Dentists use procaine (also called novocaine) to numb teeth and gums before dental work. 

Nitrous oxide dissolves in the fats that sheath the nerve cells, and produces numbing and mild intoxication. It is the laughing gas dentists use to make patients less aware of pain. 

Novocaine, which is used by dentists as a local anesthetic, is a weak base with pKh = 5.05. Blood has a pH of 7.4. What is the ratio of the concentration of novocaine to that of its conjugate acid in the bloodstream ... 

The investigations must be performed under the responsibility of a medical practitioner or other authorised qualified person (e.g. dentist). 

Most of us have had to endure the discomfort of dentai work, be it repairing cavities or more eiaborate orai surgery. Dentists reduce the discomfort immenseiy by the use of a iocai painkiiier. Novocain, to biock the nerves in the mouth. Novocain is a weak base containing two nitrogen atoms. A reiated anaigesic, iidocaine (aiso known as Xyiocaine), is sufficientiy strong that appiying it to the skin causes the nerves in the immediate area to shut down temporariiy. 

Simmonds, J. J. (1983). The miracle mixture glass-ionomer and alloy powder. Texas Dentist, October 6-12. 

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