Dental Treatment

Caine products (like novacaine) used in dentistry have been known to cause false positives for cocaine. 

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Fig. 2. Increasing plasma histamine concentration in a patient undergoing dental treatment without further medication [from Ring, 1986].

Photochemically-generated radicals are encountered as reactive intermediates in many important systems, being a major driving force in the photochemistry of ozone in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) and the polluted lower atmosphere (troposphere). The photochemistry of organic carbonyl compounds is dominated by radical chemistry (Chapter 9). Photoinitiators are used to form radicals used as intermediates in the chain growth and cross-linking of polymers involved in the production of electronic circuitry and in dental treatment. 

Q62 Before the patient is started on Actonel, preventive dental treatment should be considered. Actonel is associated v/ith osteonecrosis of the jav/. 

Actonel contains risedronate sodium, a bisphosphonate. Osteonecrosis of the jaw has been reported in patients receiving oral bisphosphonates. Adequate oral hygiene should be maintained during and after treatment with bisphosphonates, including Actonel. Preventive dental treatment should be considered before starting bisphosphonates. Patient should be advised to maintain adequate oral hygiene during treatment. 

Example Tin (II) fluoride, or stannous fluoride, is used in some dental treatment products. It is made by the reaction of tin with hydrogen fluoride according to the unbalanced equation ... 

What is happening Patients are afraid of dental treatment, and find it stressful and uncomfortable, if not painful. 

Vincent s infection (microbiologically complex, includes anaerobes, spirochaetes) responds readily to benzylpenicillin a single i.m. dose of 600 mg is often enough except in a mouth needing dental treatment, when relapse may follow. Metronidazole 200 mg 8-hourly by mouth for 3 days is also effective. 

Polakoff, S. Acute hepatitis B in patients in Britain related to previous operations and dental treatment. Brit. Med. J. 1986 293 33-36 Fbllsh, L.B., Shapiro, C.N., Bauer, F., Klotz, P., Ginier, P., Roherto,... 

Fluoride poisoning can occur after chronic ingestion of excessive amounts of fluoride, causing osteosclerosis and dental fluorosis (mottled enamel), due to accidental ingestion of fluoride mixtures during dental treatment (7,8), or after ingestion of insecticides or rodenticides containing fluoride salts. 

A resistance rate of about 50% has been found in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated in eight Swedish intensive care units between 1995 and 1997 (16). A high rate of resistance to fusidic acid was also found in bacteria that were cultured from blood after dental treatment (17). 

Georgopoulos A. Bacteremia after dental treatment in mentally handicapped people. J Qrn Periodontol 1999 26(7) 469-73. 

A 34-year-old man developed swelhng and redness of the face after receiving lidocaine as Lignospan for dental treatment. Patch testing showed allergic contact dermatitis due to the preservative disodium ethylene-diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). 

A-57-year-old woman (21) had a recurrent urticarial rash on the skin of her face, scalp, and neck precipitated by restorative dental treatment. The reactions were fully established within 12 hours and would resolve over 2-3 days and be completely gone within 1 week. Patch tests showed a strong reaction to mercury. She was advised that alternative dental materials should be used and that existing amalgam should be removed. 

Rowland, AS Effects of dental treatment during pregnancy on childhood development. NIEHS... 

Have you ever had any problems with bleeding During dental treatment Yes/No During child birth Yes/No During surgery Yes/No... 

The formal discipline of dentistry was initially developed in the late 19th century to treat dental caries, but it quickly spread to treat all diseases that alfect the oral cavity. Dental treatments have progressed enormously over the last 40 years, as have treatments for many other diseases. The most powerful new dental treatments have come from water fluoridation, better oral hygiene measures, new mechanical or replacement materials, and the adoption of drugs developed for non-dental diseases. Nevertheless, these measures are not universally effective and improvements can be made in many areas. 

Wantke F, Hemmer W, Haglmuller T, et al. 1995. Anaphylaxis after dental treatment with a formaldehyde-containing tooth-filling material. Allergy 50 274-276. 

Treatment of both conditions is by replacement of the missing factor. Antihaemophilic globulin and Christmas factor complex are prepared from fresh normal plasma. Replacement therapy is used to treat haemorrhage and prophylactically before surgery or dental treatment. 

Erthrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency precautions for dental treatment. 

LL Otis, JA Cottone. Prevalence of perforations in disposable latex glove during routine dental treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 118 321-324, 1989. 

Five patients taking nortriptyline, desipramine or other unnamed tricyclic antidepressants experienced adverse reactions, some of them severe (throbbing headache, chest pain) following the injection of Xylestesin (lidocaine with 1 25 000 noradrenaline) during dental treatment. Several episodes of marked increases in blood pressure, dilated pupils, intense malaise, violent but transitory tremor, and palpitations have b n reported in patients taking unnamed tricyclic antidepressants when they were given... 

Some) monomers Bisphenol A Lacquers used in dental treatment, internal coatings for metal containers such as food cans... 

Adhesive dentistry, specifically in association with the use of composite resins, has anerged as an important component of modem restorative dentistry. These are several reasons for this. First, as a result of the research into restorative materials of improved aesthetics, there are now polymeric and also ceramic materials that provide an excellent match for the natural tissue of the tooth. This is complemented by an increasing demand for aesthetic repairs by patients [3,4]. This is part of the trend within the developed world for cosmetic dental treatments, and for cosmetic dentistry to be seen as an acceptable part of the profession. 

Various formulations for dental treatment incorporate polymerised phosphonates, which offer certain advantages over phosphates (Section 12.13). Polyvinyl phosphonic add (12.157) and polyethylene phosphonate (12.159) are adsorbed as monolayers on tooth enamel where they resist decay [29]. Copolymers of vinylphosphonic acid and vinylphosphonyl fluoride (12.201) are also adsorbed on tooth surfaces and provide extra resistance to decay by slowly releasing F which can substitute in the tooth hydroxyapatite [30]. 

Saito N, Yamane N, Matsumura W, Fujita Y, Inokuma D, Kuroshima S, Hamasaka K, Shimizu H. Generalized exacerbation of systemic allergic dermatitis due to zinc patch test and dental treatments. Contact Dermatitis 2010 62(6) 372-3. 

Hensten-Pettersen A (1989) Nickel allergy and dental treatment procedures. In Maibach HI, Menne T (eds) Nickel and the skin immunology and toxicology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 195-205... 

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